Add license to README

Align attributes

.github/actions/ctan-upload/action.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: CTAN upload
+
+inputs:
+  filename:
+    required: true
+  dry-run:
+    required: true
+  uploader:
+    required: true
+  email:
+    required: true
+  version:
+    required: false
+    default: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Send to CTAN
+      uses: zauguin/ctan-upload@v0.1
+      with:
+        package-name: luamml
+        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        author: 'Marcel Krüger, LaTeX Project Team'
+        uploader: ${{ inputs.uploader }}
+        email: ${{ inputs.email }}
+        license: lppl1.3c
+        summary: "Automatically generate MathML from LuaLaTeX math mode material"
+        ctan-path: /macros/luatex/latex/luamml
+        support: https://github.com/latex3/luamml/issues
+        update: true
+        topic: maths,luatex
+        description: |
+          LuaMML is an experimental package to automatically generate a MathML representation of mathematical expessions written in LuaLaTeX documents. These MathML representations can be used for improving accessibility or to ease conversion into new output formats like HTML.
+        filename: ${{ inputs.filename }}
+        dry-run: ${{ inputs.dry-run }}
+        # announcement-filename: ctan.ann
+        note: Uploaded automatically by GitHub Actions.

.github/tl_packages

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+scheme-minimal latex-bin l3build
+#Proudly generated by the Island of TeX's DEPendency Printer https://gitlab.com/islandoftex/texmf/depp
+alphalph
+amsfonts
+amsmath
+bigintcalc
+bitset
+bookmark
+booktabs
+cm
+colortbl
+csquotes
+enumitem
+etoolbox
+fancyvrb
+firstaid
+fontspec
+gettitlestring
+graphics
+graphics-cfg
+graphics-def
+hologo
+hycolor
+hypdoc
+hyperref
+iftex
+infwarerr
+intcalc
+knuth-lib
+kvdefinekeys
+kvoptions
+kvsetkeys
+l3backend
+l3build
+l3kernel
+l3packages
+l3experimental
+latex
+latex-fonts
+latex-lab
+lm
+lm-math
+ltxcmds
+luacolor
+lualatex-math
+pdfescape
+pdfmanagement-testphase
+pdftexcmds
+psnfss
+refcount
+rerunfilecheck
+stringenc
+symbol
+tagpdf
+tools
+underscore
+unicode-math
+uniquecounter
+url
+zapfding

.github/workflows/deploy.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  # Only triggers for new tags
+  push:
+    tags: "*"
+
+jobs:
+  # Mostly the same as the main.yaml workflow, but we only use a single job
+  l3build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      # Boilerplate
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: sudo apt-get install tidy
+      - name: Install TeX Live
+        uses: zauguin/install-texlive@v3
+        with:
+          # Here we use the same list of packages as in the testing workflow.
+          package_file: .github/tl_packages
+      - name: Run l3build
+        run: l3build ctan -H --show-log-on-error
+      - name: Upload package artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+          path: |
+            build/distrib/ctan/*.zip
+            ctan.ann
+      - name: Validate CTAN package
+        uses: ./.github/actions/ctan-upload
+        with:
+          uploader: Dummy Name
+          email: dryrun@example.com
+          filename: "build/distrib/ctan/luamml-ctan.zip"
+          dry-run: true
+
+  github:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - l3build
+    steps:
+      - name: Download package artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@2c591bcc8ecdcd2db72b97d6147f871fcd833ba5
+        id: release
+        with:
+          artifacts: "build/distrib/ctan/*.zip"
+          prerelease: ${{ endsWith(github.ref, '-dev') }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # bodyFile: ctan.ann
+
+  ctan-upload:
+    if: "${{ !endsWith(github.ref, '-dev') }}"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: CTAN
+    needs:
+      - l3build
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github
+      - name: Download package artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+      - name: Upload CTAN package
+        uses: ./.github/actions/ctan-upload
+        with:
+          uploader: ${{ secrets.CTAN_NAME }}
+          email: ${{ secrets.CTAN_EMAIL }}
+          filename: "build/distrib/ctan/luamml-ctan.zip"
+          dry-run: false

.github/workflows/main.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Automated testing
+
+# Currently we run in two situations:
+on:
+  # Whenever someone pushes to a branch or tag in our repo
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+  # Whenever a pull request is opened, reopened or gets new commits.
+  pull_request:
+# This implies that for every push to a local branch in our repo for which a
+# pull request is open this runs twice. But it's important to ensure that pull
+# requests get tested even if their branch comes from a fork.
+
+jobs:
+  l3build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        kind: [doc, test]
+    name: "${{ format('{0}', matrix.kind == 'doc' && 'Documentation' || 'Test suite') }}"
+    steps:
+      # Boilerplate
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: sudo apt-get install tidy
+      - name: Install TeX Live
+        uses: zauguin/install-texlive@v3
+        with:
+          # The list of packages to install is in a separate file under .github/tl_packages
+          # to allow reuse.
+          package_file: .github/tl_packages
+          cache_version: 0
+      - name: Run l3build
+        run: ${{ format('l3build {0} -q -H', matrix.kind == 'doc' && 'doc' || 'check --show-log-on-error') }}
+      # Now we create the artifacts: There are two cases where this happens.
+      # 1. If we failed running tests
+      - name: Archive failed test output
+        if: ${{ matrix.kind == 'test' && always() }}
+        uses: zauguin/l3build-failure-artifacts@v1
+        with:
+          name: testfiles-${{ matrix.platform }}
+          # Decide how long to keep the test output artifact:
+          retention-days: 3
+      # 2. If we succeed building documentation
+      - name: Archive documentation
+        if: ${{ matrix.kind == 'doc' && success() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Documentation
+          path: "**/*.pdf"
+          # Decide how long to keep the test output artifact:
+          retention-days: 21

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/build/
+*.aux
+*.log
+*.pdf
+*.xml

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Changelog
+All notable changes to the `luamml` package since the
+2025-02-17 will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
+this project uses date-based 'snapshot' version identifiers.
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+ - Ulrike Fischer, 2025-03-06
+ * add class attribute to math environments
+ * correct columnalign (take label column into account)
+ * add intent :continued-row in split enviroment
+ * add intent :system-of-equations to environments
+ * temporary patch to \common@align@ending to store the environment name
+ * start some debugging functions (variable debugmtable)
+ * correct columnspacing
+ * add intent :pause-medium between columns
+  
+## 2025-02-21
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2025-02-21
+  * change intent :equationlabel to :equation-label and 
+  :noequationlabel to :no-equation-label
+  
+
+## 2025-02-17
+
+### Changed
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2025-02-17
+  * moved all patches into latex-lab
+  * added sockets to luamml.dtx
+  * changed handling of tags/labels: empty tags produces a row too and have an intent
+  * corrected small bugs 
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-11-29
+  luamml-structelemwriter.lua: moved the actualtext for e.g. stretched braces from the structure element to the mc-chunk.
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-03-03
+  luamml.dtx: add plug for mbox socket to correctly annotate them in math.
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-11-29
+  luamml-structelemwriter.lua: use structnum instead of label when stashing. 

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-# Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
+# LuaMML: Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
-**Highly experimental! At this point all interfaces may change without prior warning and many features aren't implemented yet. It is not ready for anything beyond simple experiments.**
-
 This is an attempt to implement automatic conversion of LuaLaTeX inline and display math expressions into MathML code to aid with tagging.
 It works best with `unicode-math`, but it can also be used with traditional math fonts if mappings to Unicode are provided.
 
 ## Installation
 Run `l3build install` to install `luamml` into your local `texmf` tree.
 
-## Demo
+## Usage
-Run `lualatex test_tex` to see all equations from [our example file](./test_tex.tex) converted into MathML. 
+Add `\usepackage[tracing]{luamml-demo}` to print MathML to the terminal or `\usepackage[files]{luamml-demo}` to generate separate files with MathML output.
+Alternatively it can be used with latex-lab to automatically integrate with tagging infrastucture.
 
-To test it on your own files, add `\usepackage{luamml}` and `\tracingmathml=2` to your preamble.
+## License
-Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex).
+LuaMML may be modified and distributed under the terms of the [LaTeX Project Public License](https://www.latex-project.org/lppl/), version 1.3c or greater.
+It is written by Marcel Krüger and the LaTeX Project Team.
+<!-- Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex). -->
+
+<!-- If you are very brave you can also try running `pdflatex test_pdf` and afterwards run `./pdfmml.lua test_pdf.lua` to get pdflatex formulas converted. -->

build.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 module = "luamml"
 
-tdsroot = "lualatex"
+tdsroot      = "lualatex"
 installfiles = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty" }
-stdengine     = "luatex"
+sourcefiles  = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty", "*.dtx" }
-checkengines  = {"luatex"}
+typesetsuppfiles = { "*.tex" }
-sourcefiles  = installfiles
+typesetsourcefiles = { "*.tex" }
+stdengine    = "luatex"
+unpackfiles  = { "*.dtx" }
+typesetexe   = "lualatex"
+
+checkconfigs = {
+  'config-lua',
+  'config-pdf',
+}

config-lua.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+testfiledir  = "testfiles-lua"
+checkengines = {"luatex"}
+stdengine     = "luatex"
+checkruns    = 3
+
+test_types = test_types or {}
+test_types.mml = {
+  test = '.mlt',
+  generated = '.mml',
+  reference = '.mlr',
+  expectation = '.mle',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    return os.execute(string.format('tidy -xml -indent -wrap -quiet --output-file "%s" "%s"', result, source))
+  end,
+}
+
+test_order = {'log', 'pdf', 'mml'}

config-pdf.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+testfiledir  = "testfiles-pdf"
+checkengines = {"pdftex"}
+stdengine     = "pdftex"
+checkruns    = 3
+
+test_types = test_types or {}
+test_types.tml = {
+  test = '.xrt',
+  generated = '.tml',
+  reference = '.txr',
+  expectation = '.xre',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    local file = assert(io.open(source,"rb"))
+    local content = string.gsub(file:read("*all") .. "\n","\r\n","\n")
+    file:close()
+    local new_content = content
+    -- local new_content = processor(content,...)
+    local newfile = io.open(result,"w")
+    newfile:write(new_content)
+    newfile:close()
+  end,
+}
+test_types.mml = {
+  test = '.mlt',
+  generated = '.tml',
+  reference = '.mlr',
+  expectation = '.mle',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    return os.execute(string.format('texlua pdfmml.lua "%s" | tidy -xml -indent -wrap -quiet --output-file "%s" -', source, result))
+  end,
+}
+
+test_order = {'log', 'pdf', 'tml', 'mml'}

luamml-amsmath.lua

@@ -3,11 +3,30 @@ local make_root = require'luamml-convert'.make_root
 local save_result = require'luamml-tex'.save_result
 local store_column = require'luamml-table'.store_column
 local store_tag = require'luamml-table'.store_tag
+local store_notag = require'luamml-table'.store_notag
 local get_table = require'luamml-table'.get_table
+local set_row_attribute = require'luamml-table'.set_row_attribute
 local to_text = require'luamml-lr'
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
+local math_t = node.id'math'
+
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_add_last_to_row:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_add_last_to_row:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  -- TODO: Error handling etc
+  -- local box = token.scan_int()
+  local nest = tex.nest.top
+  local head, startmath = nest.head, nest.tail
+  repeat
+    startmath = startmath.prev
+  until startmath == head or (startmath.id == math_t and startmath.subtype == 0)
+  if startmath == head then return end
+  assert(startmath.id == node.id"math")
+  store_column(startmath)
+end
+
 local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:', funcid, 'protected')
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
@@ -15,24 +34,139 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- local box = token.scan_int()
   local boxnum = 0
   local startmath = tex.box[boxnum].list
-  assert(startmath.id == node.id"math")
+  assert(startmath.id == math_t)
-  store_column(startmath, true)
+  store_column(startmath)
 end
 
-funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:'
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_set_row_columnalign:n'
-token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:', funcid)
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_set_row_columnalign:n', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  set_row_attribute('columnalign', token.scan_argument())
+end
+
+-- This function is used to add a intent :continued-row to
+-- rows of a split environment.
+-- we assume that the table is a mtable with mrow with mtd. 
+-- we check row 2..n. If the first cell has only one element and
+-- for this element 'tex:ignore' has been set, we assume a continued row and
+-- set the intent on the mrow.
+local function add_intent_continued_row (table)
+  for index,rowtable in ipairs(table) do
+   if table[index][1] and table[index][1][1] then -- just for safety ...
+     if index > 1 and #table[index][1]==1 and table[index][1][1]['tex:ignore'] then
+      table[index]['intent']=':continued-row'
+     end
+   end
+  end
+end
+
+-- This function add an intent =":pause-medium" on every second mtd in a table
+-- currently it is also on the first (after the label) but this could be changed
+-- used in __luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n for 
+-- 'align' or 'alignat' or 'flalign' or  'xalignat' or 'xxalignat'
+local function add_intent_pause (mmltable)
+  for mtrindex,mtrtable in ipairs(mmltable) do
+    for mtdindex,mtdtable in ipairs(mtrtable) do
+      if (mtdindex % 2 == 0) then
+       mtdtable['intent']=':pause-medium'
+      end 
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
+-- debug function for tables
+-- activate with \directlua{debugmtable=2} or \directlua{debugmtable='split'}
+local function debug_mtable (mtable,kind)
+ if debugmtable and (debugmtable==2) or (debugmtable==kind) then
+   texio.write_nl('==============')
+   texio.write_nl(kind)
+   texio.write_nl(table.serialize(mtable))
+   texio.write_nl('==============')
+ end
+end
+
+do
+  local saved
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_save_inner_table:n'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_save_inner_table:n', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local kind = token.scan_argument()
+    kind = kind:gsub("*","")
+    local mml_table = get_table()
+    if not mml_table then return end
+    mml_table.displaystyle = true
+    mml_table.class=kind
+    if kind=="split" then
+     add_intent_continued_row (mml_table)
+    end
+    local columns = node.count(node.id'align_record', tex.lists.align_head)//2
+    mml_table.columnalign = kind == 'gathered' and 'center' or string.rep('right left', columns, ' ')
+    local spacing = {}
+    for n in node.traverse_id(node.id'glue', tex.lists.align_head) do
+      spacing[#spacing+1] = n.width == 0 and '0' or string.format('%.3fpt', n.width/65781.76)
+    end
+    mml_table.columnspacing = #spacing > 3 and table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2) or nil
+    debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
+    saved = mml_table
+  end
+
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_save_smallmatrix:'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_save_smallmatrix:', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local mml_table = get_table()
+    mml_table.align = 'axis'
+    mml_table.class='smallmatrix'
+    mml_table.columnalign = 'center'
+    mml_table.columnspacing = '0.278em'
+    mml_table.rowspacing = string.format('%.3fpt', tex.lineskip.width/65781.76)
+    saved = {[0] = 'mpadded', width = '+0.333em', lspace = '0.167em', mml_table}
+    debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
+    saved = mml_table
+  end
+
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_inner_table:'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_inner_table:', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local vcenter = tex.nest.top.tail.nucleus
+    local props = properties[vcenter]
+    if not props then
+      props = {}
+      properties[vcenter] = props
+    end
+    props.mathml_table = assert(saved)
+    saved = nil
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n', funcid)
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- TODO: Error handling etc
+  local kind = token.scan_argument()
+  kind = kind:gsub("*","")
   local mml_table = get_table()
   if not mml_table then return end
   mml_table.displaystyle = true
+  mml_table.class=kind
+  -- this should perhaps be configurable and extendable
+  if kind == 'align' or 'alignat' or 'flalign' or  'xalignat' or 'xxalignat' then
+   mml_table.intent=":system-of-equations"
+   add_intent_pause (mml_table)
+  end
   local columns = node.count(node.id'align_record', tex.lists.align_head)//2
-  mml_table.columnalign = string.rep('right left', columns, ' ')
+  mml_table.columnalign = kind == 'align' and 'left '..string.rep('right left', columns, ' ') or nil
+  mml_table.width = kind == 'multline' and '100%' or nil
+  -- mml_table.side = kind == 'multline' and 'rightoverlap' or nil
   local spacing = {}
   for n in node.traverse_id(node.id'glue', tex.lists.align_head) do
     spacing[#spacing+1] = n.width == 0 and '0' or '.8em'
   end
-  mml_table.columnspacing = table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2)
+  mml_table.columnspacing = #spacing > 3 and "0 "..table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2) or nil
+  debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
   save_result(mml_table, true)
 end
 
@@ -50,9 +184,9 @@ funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:', funcid, 'protected')
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   if not last_tag then
-    texio.write_nl'WARNING: Tag extraction failed'
+    store_notag({[0] = 'mtd',''})
-    return
+  else
+    store_tag({[0] = 'mtd', last_tag})
+    last_tag = nil
   end
-  store_tag({[0] = 'mtd', last_tag})
-  last_tag = nil
 end

luamml-array.lua

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ end
 
 local saved_array
 
-funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_array_finalize_array:'
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_array_save_array:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_array_save_array:', funcid)
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- TODO: Error handling etc.

luamml-convert.lua

@@ -11,7 +11,86 @@ local radical_t, fraction_t, fence_t = node.id'radical', node.id'fraction', node
 
 local math_char_t, sub_box_t, sub_mlist_t = node.id'math_char', node.id'sub_box', node.id'sub_mlist'
 
-local noad_sub = node.subtypes'noad'
+local function invert_table(t)
+  local t_inv = {}
+  for k, v in next, t do
+    t_inv[v] = k
+  end
+  return t_inv
+end
+
+local noad_names = node.subtypes'noad'
+
+--[[ We could determine the noad subtypes dynamically:
+local noad_sub = invert_table(noad_names)
+local noad_ord = noad_sub.ord
+local noad_op = noad_sub.opdisplaylimits
+local noad_oplimits = noad_sub.oplimits
+local noad_opnolimits = noad_sub.opnolimits
+local noad_bin = noad_sub.bin
+local noad_rel = noad_sub.rel
+local noad_open = noad_sub.open
+local noad_close = noad_sub.close
+local noad_punct = noad_sub.punct
+local noad_inner = noad_sub.inner
+local noad_under = noad_sub.under
+local noad_over = noad_sub.over
+local noad_vcenter = noad_sub.vcenter
+-- But the spacing table depends on their specific values anyway, so we just verify the values
+]]
+local noad_ord, noad_op, noad_oplimits, noad_opnolimits = 0, 1, 2, 3
+local noad_bin, noad_rel, noad_open, noad_close, noad_punct = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
+local noad_inner, noad_under, noad_over, noad_vcenter = 9, 10, 11, 12
+
+for i, n in ipairs{'ord', 'opdisplaylimits', 'oplimits', 'opnolimits', 'bin',
+    'rel', 'open', 'close', 'punct', 'inner', 'under', 'over', 'vcenter'} do
+  assert(noad_names[i-1] == n)
+end
+-- Attention, the spacing_table is indexed by subtype+1 since 1-based tables are faster in Lua
+local spacing_table = {
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  {'0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', nil      , nil      , '0.222em', nil      , nil      , '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', },
+  {'0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', nil      , 0        , '0.278em', 0        , 0        , '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', '0.167em', 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  nil,
+}
+local spacing_table_script = {
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , nil      , 0        , nil      , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  nil,
+}
+do -- Fill the blanks
+  local st, sts = spacing_table, spacing_table_script
+
+  local st_op, sts_op = st[noad_op+1], sts[noad_op+1]
+  st[noad_oplimits+1], sts[noad_oplimits+1] = st_op, sts_op
+  st[noad_opnolimits+1], sts[noad_opnolimits+1] = st_op, sts_op
+
+  local st_ord, sts_ord = st[noad_ord+1], sts[noad_ord+1]
+  st[noad_under+1], sts[noad_under+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+  st[noad_over+1], sts[noad_over+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+  st[noad_vcenter+1], sts[noad_vcenter+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+end
+
+
 local radical_sub = node.subtypes'radical'
 local fence_sub = node.subtypes'fence'
 
@@ -25,8 +104,13 @@ local digit_map = {["0"] = true, ["1"] = true,
      ["5"] = true, ["6"] = true, ["7"] = true,
      ["8"] = true, ["9"] = true,}
 
--- Two marker tables. They are used instead of an embellished operator to mark space-like or user provided constructs
+local always_mo = {["%"] = true, ["&"] = true, ["."] = true, ["/"] = true,
-local user_provided, space_like = {}, {}
+    ["\\"] = true, ["¬"] = true, ["′"] = true, ["″"] = true, ["‴"] = true,
+    ["⁗"] = true, ["‵"] = true, ["‶"] = true, ["‷"] = true, ["|"] = true,
+    ["∀"] = true, ["∁"] = true, ["∃"] = true,  ["∂"] = true, ["∄"] = true,}
+
+-- Marker tables replacing the core operator for space like elements
+local space_like = {}
 
 local nodes_to_table
 
@@ -35,47 +119,71 @@ local function sup_style(s) return s//4*2+4+s%2 end
 
 -- The _to_table functions generally return a second argument which is
 -- could be (if it were a <mo>) a core operator of the embellishe operator
--- or space_like/user_provided
+-- or space_like
 -- acc_to_table is special since it's return value should
 -- always be considered a core operator
 
 -- We ignore large_... since they aren't used for modern fonts
 local function delim_to_table(delim)
   if not delim then return end
-  local props = properties[delim] props = props and props.mathml_table
+  local props = properties[delim]
-  if props then return props end
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local char = delim.small_char
   if char == 0 then
-    return {[0] = 'mspace', width = string.format("%.3fpt", tex.nulldelimiterspace/65781.76)}, space_like
+    local result = {[0] = 'mspace', width = string.format("%.3fpt", tex.nulldelimiterspace/65781.76)}
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, space_like)
+    else
+      return result, space_like
+    end
   else
     local fam = delim.small_fam
     char = remap_lookup[fam << 21 | char]
-    local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = not stretchy[char] or nil }
+    local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = not stretchy[char] or nil, lspace = 0, rspace = 0, [':nodes'] = {delim}, [':actual'] = char}
-    return result, result
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
+    else
+      return result, result
+    end
   end
 end
 
--- Like kernel_to_table but always a math_char_t. Also creating a mo and potentially remapping to handle combining chars
+-- Like kernel_to_table but always a math_char_t. Also creating a mo and potentially remapping to handle combining chars.
+-- No lspace or space is set here since these never appear as core operators in an mrow.
 local function acc_to_table(acc, cur_style, stretch)
   if not acc then return end
-  local props = properties[acc] props = props and props.mathml_table
+  local props = properties[acc]
-  if props then return props end
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
   if acc.id ~= math_char_t then
     error'confusion'
   end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local fam = acc.fam
   local char = remap_lookup[fam << 21 | acc.char]
   char = remap_comb[char] or char
   if stretch ~= not stretchy[char] then -- Handle nil gracefully in stretchy
     stretch = nil
   end
-  return {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = stretch}
+  local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = stretch, [':nodes'] = {acc}, [':actual'] = stretch and char or nil}
+  if mathml_filter then
+    return mathml_filter(result)
+  else
+    return result
+  end
 end
 
-local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style)
+local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style, text_families)
   if not kernel then return end
-  local props = properties[kernel] props = props and props.mathml_table
+  local props = properties[kernel]
-  if props then return props, user_provided end
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local id = kernel.id
   if id == math_char_t then
     local fam = kernel.fam
@@ -84,27 +192,40 @@ local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style)
     local result = {[0] = elem,
       char,
       ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil,
-      mathvariant = utf8.len(char) == 1 and elem == 'mi' and utf8.codepoint(char) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
+      mathvariant = utf8.len(char) == 1 and elem == 'mi' and utf8.codepoint(char) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil,
+      [':nodes'] = {kernel},
     }
-    return result, result
+    if mathml_filter then
-  elseif id == sub_box_t then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
-    if kernel.list.id == hlist_t then -- We directly give up for vlists
+    else
-      local result = to_text(kernel.list.head)
+      return result, result
-      return result, result
+    end
+  elseif id == sub_box_t then
+    local result
+    if kernel.list.id == hlist_t then -- We directly give up for vlists
+      result = to_text(kernel.list.head)
+    else
+      result = {[0] = 'mi', {[0] = 'mglyph', ['tex:box'] = kernel.list, [':nodes'] = {kernel}}}
+    end
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
     else
-      local result = {[0] = 'mi', {[0] = 'mglyph', ['tex:box'] = kernel.list}}
       return result, result
     end
   elseif id == sub_mlist_t then
-    return nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style)
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style, text_families))
+    else
+      return nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style, text_families)
+    end
   else
     error'confusion'
   end
 end
 
-local function do_sub_sup(t, core, n, cur_style)
+local function do_sub_sup(t, core, n, cur_style, text_families)
-  local sub = kernel_to_table(n.sub, sub_style(cur_style))
+  local sub = kernel_to_table(n.sub, sub_style(cur_style), text_families)
-  local sup = kernel_to_table(n.sup, sup_style(cur_style))
+  local sup = kernel_to_table(n.sup, sup_style(cur_style), text_families)
   if sub then
     if sup then
       return {[0] = 'msubsup', t, sub, sup}, core
@@ -125,7 +246,7 @@ local function maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
   local after = noad.next
   if not after then return end
   if after.id ~= noad_t then return end
-  if noad_sub[after.subtype] ~= 'ord' then return end
+  if after.subtype ~= noad_ord then return end
   after = after.nucleus
   if not after then return end
   if after.id ~= math_char_t then return end
@@ -133,70 +254,91 @@ local function maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
   core[0] = 'mn'
 end
 
-local function noad_to_table(noad, sub, cur_style, mn)
+local function noad_to_table(noad, sub, cur_style, joining, bin_replacements, text_families)
-  local class = noad_sub[sub]
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(noad.nucleus, sub == noad_over and cur_style//2*2+1 or cur_style, text_families)
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(noad.nucleus, class == 'over' and cur_style//2*2+1 or cur_style)
+  if not nucleus then return end
-  if class == 'ord' then
+  if core and core[0] == 'mo' and core.minsize and not core.maxsize then
+    core.maxsize = core.minsize -- This happens when a half-specified delimiter appears alone in a list.
+                                -- If it has a minimal size, it should be fixed to that size (since there is nothing bigger in it's list)
+  end
+  if sub == noad_ord and not (bin_replacements[node.direct.todirect(noad)] or (nucleus == core and #core == 1 and always_mo[core[1]])) then
     if core and core[0] == 'mo' then
-      core[0] = 'mi'
-      core.stretchy, core.mathvariant = nil, #core == 1 and type(core[0]) == 'string' and utf8.len(core[0]) == 1 and utf8.codepoint(core[0]) < -0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
       core['tex:class'] = nil
+      if not core.minsize and not core.movablelimits then
+        core[0] = 'mi'
+        core.movablelimits = nil
+        core.mathvariant = #core == 1 and type(core[1]) == 'string' and utf8.len(core[1]) == 1 and utf8.codepoint(core[1]) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
+        core.stretchy, core.lspace, core.rspace = nil
+      end
     end
     if nucleus == core and #core == 1 then
-      if mn and core[0] == 'mi' and (core[1] == '.' or core[1] == ',') and maybe_to_mn(noad, core) or core[0] == 'mn' then
+      if joining and joining[0] == 'mn' and core[0] == 'mi' and (core[1] == '.' or core[1] == ',') and maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
-        if mn then
+          or core[0] == 'mn' or text_families[core['tex:family'] or 0] then
-          mn[#mn+1] = core[1]
+        if joining and core[0] == joining[0] and core['tex:family'] == joining['tex:family'] then
-          nucleus = do_sub_sup(mn, mn, noad, cur_style)
+          joining[#joining+1] = core[1]
-          if nucleus == mn then
+          local cnodes = core[':nodes']
-            return nil, mn, mn
+          if cnodes then -- very likely
+            local jnodes = joining[':nodes']
+            if jnodes then -- very likely
+              table.move(cnodes, 1, #cnodes, #jnodes+1, jnodes)
+            else
+              joining[':nodes'] = cnodes
+            end
+          end
+          nucleus = do_sub_sup(joining, joining, noad, cur_style, text_families)
+          if nucleus == joining then
+            return nil, joining, joining
           else
-            return nucleus, mn, false
+            return nucleus, joining, false
           end
         elseif not noad.sub and not noad.sup then
           return core, core, core
         end
       end
     end
-  elseif class == 'opdisplaylimits' or class == 'oplimits' or class == 'opnolimits' or class == 'bin' or class == 'rel' or class == 'open'
+  elseif sub == noad_op or sub == noad_oplimits or sub == noad_opnolimits or sub == noad_bin or sub == noad_rel or sub == noad_open
-      or class == 'close' or class == 'punct' or class == 'inner' then
+      or sub == noad_close or sub == noad_punct or sub == noad_inner or sub == noad_ord then
     if not core or not core[0] then
       -- TODO
     else
       core[0] = 'mo'
-      if stretchy[core[1]] then core.stretchy = false end
+      if not core.minsize then
+        if stretchy[core[1]] then core.stretchy = false end
+      end
       if core.mathvariant == 'normal' then core.mathvariant = nil end
+      core.lspace, core.rspace = 0, 0
     end
-    nucleus['tex:class'] = class
+    nucleus['tex:class'] = noad_names[sub]
 
-    if (noad.sup or noad.sub) and (class == 'opdisplaylimits' or class == 'oplimits') then
+    if (noad.sup or noad.sub) and (sub == noad_op or sub == noad_oplimits) then
-      nucleus.movablelimits = class == 'opdisplaylimits'
+      if core and core[0] == 'mo' then core.movablelimits = sub == noad_op end
-      local sub = kernel_to_table(noad.sub, sub_style(cur_style))
+      local sub = kernel_to_table(noad.sub, sub_style(cur_style), text_families)
-      local sup = kernel_to_table(noad.sup, sup_style(cur_style))
+      local sup = kernel_to_table(noad.sup, sup_style(cur_style), text_families)
       return {[0] = sup and (sub and 'munderover' or 'mover') or 'munder',
         nucleus,
         sub or sup,
         sub and sup,
       }, core
     end
-  elseif class == 'under' then
+  elseif sub == noad_under then
     return {[0] = 'munder',
       nucleus,
       {[0] = 'mo', '_',},
     }, core
-  elseif class == 'over' then
+  elseif sub == noad_over then
     return {[0] = 'mover',
       nucleus,
       {[0] = 'mo', '\u{203E}',},
     }, core
-  elseif class == 'vcenter' then -- Ignored. Nucleus will need special handling anyway
+  elseif sub == noad_vcenter then -- Ignored. Nucleus will need special handling anyway
   else
     error[[confusion]]
   end
-  return do_sub_sup(nucleus, core, noad, cur_style)
+  return do_sub_sup(nucleus, core, noad, cur_style, text_families)
 end
 
-local function accent_to_table(accent, sub, cur_style)
+local function accent_to_table(accent, sub, cur_style, text_families)
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(accent.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1)
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(accent.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1, text_families)
   local top_acc = acc_to_table(accent.accent, cur_style, sub & 1 == 1)
   local bot_acc = acc_to_table(accent.bot_accent, cur_style, sub & 2 == 2)
   return {[0] = top_acc and (bot_acc and 'munderover' or 'mover') or 'munder',
@@ -218,17 +360,18 @@ style_table.crampedscript, style_table.crampedscriptscript =
   style_table.display, style_table.text,
   style_table.script, style_table.scriptscript
 
-local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style)
+local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style, text_families)
   local kind = radical_sub[sub]
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(radical.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1)
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(radical.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1, text_families)
   local left = delim_to_table(radical.left)
   local elem
   if kind == 'radical' or kind == 'uradical' then
     -- FIXME: Check that this is really a square root
-    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus}, nil
+    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus, }, nil
   elseif kind == 'uroot' then
     -- FIXME: Check that this is really a root
-    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus, kernel_to_table(radical.degree)}, nil
+    -- UF 2024-12-04: force use of only one return value     
+    elem, core = {[0] = 'mroot', nucleus, (kernel_to_table(radical.degree, 7, text_families))}, nil
   elseif kind == 'uunderdelimiter' then
     elem, core = {[0] = 'munder', left, nucleus}, left
   elseif kind == 'uoverdelimiter' then
@@ -240,12 +383,12 @@ local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style)
   else
     error[[confusion]]
   end
-  return do_sub_sup(elem, core, radical, cur_style)
+  return do_sub_sup(elem, core, radical, cur_style, text_families)
 end
 
-local function fraction_to_table(fraction, sub, cur_style)
+local function fraction_to_table(fraction, sub, cur_style, text_families)
-  local num, core = kernel_to_table(fraction.num, sup_style(cur_style))
+  local num, core = kernel_to_table(fraction.num, cur_style + 2 - cur_style//6*2, text_families)
-  local denom = kernel_to_table(fraction.denom, sub_style(cur_style))
+  local denom = kernel_to_table(fraction.denom, cur_style//2*2 + 3 - cur_style//6*2, text_families)
   local left = delim_to_table(fraction.left)
   local right = delim_to_table(fraction.right)
   local mfrac = {[0] = 'mfrac',
@@ -272,8 +415,31 @@ end
 
 local function fence_to_table(fence, sub, cur_style)
   local delim, core = delim_to_table(fence.delim)
-  if delim[0] == 'mo' then
+  if core[0] ~= 'mo' then
-    delim.fence = 'true'
+    return delim, core
+  end
+  core.fence, core.symmetric = 'true', 'true'
+  local options = fence.options
+  local axis
+  if fence.height ~= 0 or fence.depth ~= 0 then
+    axis = 0xA == options & 0xA
+    local exact = 0x18 == options & 0x18
+    -- We treat them always as exact. mpadded would allow us to support
+    -- non-exact ones too and I will implement that if I ever encounter
+    -- someone who does that intentionally. Until then, we warn people
+    -- since such fences are absurd.
+    if not exact then
+      texio.write_nl'luamml: The document uses a fence with \z
+          explicit dimensions but without the "exact" option. \z
+          This is probably a mistake.'
+    end
+    core.minsize = string.format("%.3fpt", (fence.height + fence.depth)/65781.76)
+    core.maxsize = core.minsize
+  else
+    axis = 0xC ~= options & 0xC
+  end
+  if not axis then
+    texio.write_nl'luamml: Baseline centered fence will be centered around math axis instead'
   end
   return delim, core
 end
@@ -296,67 +462,87 @@ local function rule_to_table(rule, sub, cur_style)
   if height == running_length then
     height = '0.8em'
   else
-    height = height
+    height = string.format("%.3fpt", height/65781.76)
   end
   local depth = rule.depth
   if depth == running_length then
     depth = '0.2em'
   else
-    depth = depth
+    depth = string.format("%.3fpt", depth/65781.76)
   end
   return {[0] = 'mspace', mathbackground = 'currentColor', width = width, height = height, depth = depth}, space_like
 end
 
-function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style)
+-- The only part which changes the nodelist, we are converting bin into ord
+-- nodes in the same way TeX would do it later anyway.
+local function cleanup_mathbin(head)
+  local replacements = {}
+  local last = 'open' -- last sub if id was noad_t, left fence acts fakes being a open noad, bin are themselves. Every other noad is ord
+  for n, id, sub in node.traverse(head) do
+    if id == noad_t then
+      if sub == noad_bin then
+        if node.is_node(last) or last == noad_opdisplaylimits
+            or last == noad_oplimits or last == noad_opnolimits
+            or last == noad_rel or last == noad_open or last == noad_punct then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(n)] = true
+          n.subtype, last = noad_ord, noad_ord
+        else
+          last = n
+        end
+      else
+        if (sub == noad_rel or sub == noad_close or sub == noad_punct)
+            and node.is_node(last) then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+          last.subtype = noad_ord
+        end
+        last = sub
+      end
+    elseif id == fence_t then
+      if sub == fence_sub.left then
+        last = noad_open
+      else
+        if node.is_node(last) then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+          last.subtype = noad_ord, noad_ord
+        end
+        last = noad_ord
+      end
+    elseif id == fraction_t or id == radical_t or id == accent_t then
+      last = noad_ord
+    end
+  end
+  if node.is_node(last) then
+    replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+    last.subtype = noad_ord
+  end
+  return replacements
+end
+
+function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style, text_families)
+  local bin_replacements = cleanup_mathbin(head)
   local t = {[0] = 'mrow'}
   local result = t
   local nonscript
-  local core, mn = space_like
+  local core, last_noad, last_core, joining = space_like, nil, nil, nil
-  local no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = true
   for n, id, sub in node.traverse(head) do
-    if last_noad and ((id == noad_t and noad_sub[sub] == 'punct') or (id == fence_t and fence_sub[sub] ~= 'left')) then
+    local new_core, new_joining, new_node, new_noad
-      last_noad['tex:class'], last_noad_core[0] = nil, 'mi'
-      last_noad_core.stretchy, last_noad_core.mathvariant = nil, #last_noad_core == 1
-                                                             and type(last_noad_core[0]) == 'string'
-                                                             and utf8.len(last_noad_core[0]) == 1
-                                                             and utf8.codepoint(last_noad_core[0]) < -0x10000
-                                                             and 'normal' or nil
-    end
-    local new_core, new_mn
     local props = properties[n]
-    props = props and props.mathml_table
+    local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
-    if props then
+    local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
-      t[#t+1], new_core = props, user_provided
+    if mathml_table ~= nil then
+      new_node, new_core = mathml_table, mathml_core
     elseif id == noad_t then
-      local substr = noad_sub[sub]
-      if substr == 'bin' then
-        if no_binop_context then
-          sub, substr = 0, 'ord'
-        end
-      end
-      no_binop_context = false
-          or substr == 'bin'
-          or substr == 'opdisplaylimits'
-          or substr == 'oplimits'
-          or substr == 'opnolimits'
-          or substr == 'rel'
-          or substr == 'open'
-          or substr == 'punct'
       local new_n
-      new_n, new_core, new_mn = noad_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, mn)
+      new_n, new_core, new_joining = noad_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, joining, bin_replacements, text_families)
-      if new_mn == false then
+      if new_joining == false then
-        t[#t], new_mn = new_n, nil
+        t[#t], new_joining = new_n, nil
       else
-        t[#t+1] = new_n -- might be nil
+        new_node = new_n -- might be nil
-      end
-      if substr == 'bin' then
-        last_noad, last_noad_core = new_n, new_core
-      else
-        last_noad, last_noad_core = nil, nil
       end
+      new_noad = sub
     elseif id == accent_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = accent_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = accent_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_noad = noad_ord
     elseif id == style_t then
       if sub ~= cur_style then
         if #t == 0 then
@@ -376,52 +562,77 @@ function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style)
       new_core = space_like
     elseif id == choice_t then
       local size = cur_style//2
-      t[#t+1], new_core = nodes_to_table(n[size == 0 and 'display'
+      new_node, new_core = nodes_to_table(n[size == 0 and 'display'
                                         or size == 1 and 'text'
                                         or size == 2 and 'script'
                                         or size == 3 and 'scriptscript'
-                                        or assert(false)], 2*size), space_like
+                                        or assert(false)], 2*size, text_families), space_like
     elseif id == radical_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = radical_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = radical_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_noad = noad_ord
     elseif id == fraction_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = fraction_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = fraction_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_noad = noad_inner
     elseif id == fence_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = fence_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = fence_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      local class = n.class
+      new_noad = class >= 0 and class or sub == fence_sub.left and noad_open or noad_close
     elseif id == kern_t then
       if not nonscript then
-        t[#t+1], new_core = space_to_table(n.kern, sub, cur_style)
+        new_node, new_core = space_to_table(n.kern, sub, cur_style)
       end
     elseif id == glue_t then
       if cur_style >= 4 or not nonscript then
         if sub == 98 then -- TODO magic number
           nonscript = true
         else
-          t[#t+1], new_core = space_to_table(n.width, sub, cur_style)
+          new_node, new_core = space_to_table(n.width, sub, cur_style)
         end
       end
     elseif id == rule_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = rule_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = rule_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
     -- elseif id == disc_t then -- Uncommon, does not play nicely with math mode and no sensible mapping anyway
     end -- The other possible ids are whatsit, penalty, adjust, ins, mark. Ignore them.
     nonscript = nil
     if core and new_core ~= space_like then
       core = core == space_like and new_core or nil
     end
-    mn = new_mn
+    if new_node then
+      if new_noad then
+        local space = last_noad and (cur_style >= 4 and spacing_table_script or spacing_table)[last_noad + 1][new_noad + 1] or 0
+        if assert(space) ~= 0 then
+          if new_core and new_core[0] == 'mo' then
+            new_core.lspace = space
+          elseif last_core and last_core[0] == 'mo' then
+            last_core.rspace = space
+          else
+            t[#t+1] = {[0] = 'mspace', width = space} -- TODO Move into operators whenever possible
+          end
+        end
+        last_noad, last_core = new_noad, new_core
+      elseif new_node[0] ~= 'mspace' or new_node.mathbackground then
+        last_core = nil
+      end
+      t[#t+1] = new_node
+    end
+    joining = new_joining
   end
-  -- In TeX, groups are never space like
+  -- In TeX, groups are never space like, so we insert an artificial node instead.
+  -- This node should be ignored for most purposes
   if core == space_like then
-    core = {[0] = 'mi', intent = '@ignore'}
+    core = {[0] = 'mi', ['tex:ignore'] = 'true'}
     result[#result+1] = core
   end
   if t[0] == 'mrow' and #t == 1 then
     assert(t == result)
     result = t[1]
   end
-  return result, core
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter
+  if mathml_filter then
+    return mathml_filter(result, core)
+  else
+    return result, core
+  end
 end
 
 local function register_remap(family, mapping)
@@ -447,6 +658,6 @@ end
 
 return {
   register_family = register_remap,
-  process = function(head, style) return nodes_to_table(head, style or 2) end,
+  process = function(head, style, families) return nodes_to_table(head, style or 2, families) end,
   make_root = to_math,
 }

luamml-demo.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-demo}{2025-03-06}{0.5.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml}
+
+\sys_if_engine_luatex:F {
+  \msg_new:nnn {luamml-demo} {pdftex-option-ignored} {Option~`#1'~is~being~ignored~in~pdfTeX~mode.}
+  \DeclareOption*{\msg_warning:nnx {luamml-demo} {pdftex-option-ignored} {\CurrentOption}}
+  \ProcessOptions\relax
+  \RequirePackage{luamml-pdf-demo}
+  \endinput
+}
+
+\RequirePackage{luamml}% Loading luamml is pretty much the point
+\RequirePackage{amsmath,array}% These are more or less expected in luamml especially for advanced constructs
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{unicode-math}{}{%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}%
+  }
+}
+
+\bool_new:N \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool
+
+\DeclareOption{tracing}{
+  \tracingmathml=2
+}
+\DeclareOption{structelem}{
+  \bool_set_true:N \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool
+  \luamml_structelem:
+}
+\DeclareOption{files}{
+  \int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int
+  \luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \immediateassignment \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int
+    \jobname -formula- \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int .xml
+  }
+}
+\DeclareOption{l3build}{
+  \luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+  \luamml_begin_single_file:
+}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+
+\cs_new_eq:NN \LuaMMLSetFilename \luamml_set_filename:n
+
+\cs_generate_variant:Nn \pdffile_filespec:nnn {ene}
+\int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+\cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLTagAF #1#2 {
+  \tag_mc_end_push:
+  \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+  \exp_args:Ne \pdf_object_new:nn{__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int}{dict}
+  \exp_args:Ne \tag_struct_begin:n{tag=Formula,AF=__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int,#1}
+  \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+    \tag_mc_begin:n{tag=Formula}
+  }
+  #2
+  \group_begin:
+    \pdfdict_put:nnn {l_pdffile/Filespec} {AFRelationship}{/Supplement}
+    \pdffile_filespec:ene
+      { __luamml_demo_ \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int }
+      { test.xml }
+      { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}\c_space_tl 0~R}
+  \group_end:
+  \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+    \tag_mc_end:
+  }
+  \tag_struct_end:
+  \tag_mc_begin_pop:n{}
+}
+
+\NewDocumentCommand\AnnotateFormula{ o m m }{%
+  \IfValueTF{#1}{%
+    \luamml_annotate:nen{#1}%
+  }{
+    \luamml_annotate:en
+  }{#2}{#3}
+}
+
+\cs_set_eq:NN \WriteoutFormula \luamml_pdf_write:

luamml-legacy-mappings.lua

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ local remap_oml = { [0] =
   0x1D465, 0x1D466, 0x1D467, 0x1D6A4, 0x1D6A5, 0x2118, 0x2192, nil,
 }
 
+-- Something fishy here. Starting with "3D the entries seem wrong
 local remap_oms = { [0] =
   0x2212, 0x22C5, 0xD7, 0x2A, 0xF7, 0x22C4, 0xB1, 0x2213,
   0x2295, 0x2296, 0x2297, 0x2298, 0x2299, 0x25CB, 0x2218, 0x2219,
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ local remap_oms = { [0] =
   0x2190, 0x2192, 0x2191, 0x2193, 0x2194, 0x2197, 0x2198, 0x2243,
   0x21D0, 0x21D2, 0x21D1, 0x21D3, 0x21D4, 0x2196, 0x2199, 0x221D,
   0x2032, 0x221E, 0x2208, 0x220B, 0x25B3, 0x25BD, 0x0338, 0x21A6,
-  0x2200, 0x2203, 0xAC, 0x2205, 0x211C, 0x22A9, 0x22A4, 0x22A5,
+  0x2200, 0x2203, 0xAC, 0x2205, 0x211C, 0x2111, 0x22A4, 0x22A5,
   0x2135, 0x1D49C, 0x212C, 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, 0x2130, 0x2131, 0x1D4A2,
   0x210B, 0x2110, 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, 0x2112, 0x2133, 0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AA,
   0x1D4AB, 0x1D4AC, 0x211B, 0x1D4AE, 0x1D4AF, 0x1D4B0, 0x1D4B1, 0x1D4B2,

luamml-lr.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
 local function to_unicode(head, tail)
-  local result, subresult, i = {[0] = 'mrow'}, {}, 0
+  local result, subresult, i = {[0] = 'mtext'}, {}, 0
   local characters, last_fid
   local iter, state, n = node.traverse(head)
   while true do
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
     local props = properties[n]
     if props and props.glyph_info then
       i = i+1
-      subresult[i] = glyph_info
+      result[i] = glyph_info
     else
       local char, fid = node.is_glyph(n)
       if char then
@@ -23,27 +23,23 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
         i = i+1
         if uni then
           if type(uni) == 'number' then
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(uni)
+            result[i] = utf.char(uni)
           else
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(table.unpack(uni))
+            result[i] = utf.char(table.unpack(uni))
           end
         else
           if char < 0x110000 then
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(char)
+            result[i] = utf.char(char)
           else
-            subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+            result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
           end
         end
       elseif node.id'math' == id then
         if props then
-          local mml = props.saved_mathml_table
+          local mml = props.saved_mathml_table or props.saved_mathml_core
           if mml then
-            if i ~= 0 then
+            i = i+1
-              result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
+            result[i] = mml
-              for j = i, 1, -1 do subresult[j] = nil end
-              i = 0
-            end
-            result[#result+1] = mml
             n = node.end_of_math(n)
           end
         end
@@ -52,46 +48,23 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
       elseif node.id'glue' == id then
         if n.width > 1000 then -- FIXME: Coordinate constant with tagpdf
           i = i+1
-          subresult[i] = '\u{00A0}' -- non breaking space... There is no real reason why it has to be non breaking, except that MathML often ignore other spaces
+          result[i] = '\u{00A0}' -- non breaking space... There is no real reason why it has to be non breaking, except that MathML often ignore other spaces
         end
       elseif node.id'hlist' == id then
         local nested = to_unicode(n.head)
-        if nested[0] == 'mtext' and #nested == 1 and type(nested[1]) == 'string' then
+        table.move(nested, 1, #nested, i+1, result)
-          i=i+1
+        i = i+#nested
-          subresult[i] = nested[1]
-        else
-          if i ~= 0 then
-            result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
-            for j = i, 1, -1 do subresult[j] = nil end
-            i = 0
-          end
-          if nested[0] == 'mrow' then
-            table.move(nested, 1, #nested, #result+1, result)
-          else -- should be unreachable (propbably actually is reachable if the inner list only contains math
-            result[#result+1] = nested
-          end
-        end
       elseif node.id'vlist' == id then
         i = i+1
-        subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+        result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
       elseif node.id'rule' == id then
         if n.width ~= 0 then
           i = i+1
-          subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+          result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
         end
       end -- CHECK: Everything else can probably be ignored, otherwise shout at me
     end
   end
-  if i ~= 0 then
-    result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
-  end
-  if #result == 0 then
-    local r = {[0] = 'mtext', ''}
-    return r, r
-  elseif #result == 1 then
-    result = result[1]
-    if result[1] == 'mtext' then return result, result end
-  end
   return result
 end
 

luamml-patches-amsmath.sty

@@ -1,109 +1,440 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
   {Feel free to add a description here}
 
 \lua_now:n { require'luamml-amsmath' }
 
-\cs_set:Npn \align@preamble {
+% For all of these changes, the redefinitions appear huge.
-  &
+% But they are almost identical to the original and only
-    \hfil
+% add luamml commands in appropriate places, so they would
-    \strut@
+% mostly disappear if there were enough hooks in amsmath.
-    \setboxz@h {
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-02-24}
-      \@lign
+ {}
-      $
+ {
-        \m@th
+  \def\common@align@ending {
-        \displaystyle {
+  \math@cr \black@\totwidth@
-          ##
+  \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {\@currenvir}
-        }
-        \ifmeasuring@
-          \luamml_flag_ignore:
-        \else
-          \luamml_flag_save:
-        \fi
-      $
-    }
-    \ifmeasuring@
-      \savefieldlength@
-    \else
-      \__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:
-    \fi
-    \set@field
-    \tabskip\z@skip
-  &
-    \setboxz@h {
-      \@lign
-      $
-      \m@th
-      \displaystyle
-      {
-        {}
-        ##
-      }
-      \ifmeasuring@
-        \luamml_flag_ignore:
-      \else
-        \luamml_flag_save:
-      \fi
-      $
-    }
-    \ifmeasuring@
-      \savefieldlength@
-    \else
-      \__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:
-    \fi
-    \set@field
-    \hfil
-    \tabskip\alignsep@
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \math@cr@@@align {
-  \ifst@rred
-    \nonumber
-  \fi
-  \if@eqnsw
-    \global \tag@true
-  \fi
-  \global \advance \row@ \@ne
-  \add@amps \maxfields@
-  \omit
-  \kern -\alignsep@
-  \iftag@
-    \setboxz@h { 
-      \@lign
-      \strut@
-      { \make@display@tag }
-    }
-    \place@tag
-    \__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:
-  \fi
-  \ifst@rred
-  \else
-    \global \@eqnswtrue
-  \fi
-  \global \lineht@ \z@
-  \cr
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \maketag@@@ #1 {
-  \hbox {
-    \m@th
-    \normalfont
-    #1
-    \__luamml_amsmath_save_tag:
-  }
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \endalign {
-  \math@cr
-  \black@ \totwidth@
-  \__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:
   \egroup
   \ifingather@
     \restorealignstate@
     \egroup
     \nonumber
-    \ifnum0=‘{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+    \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
   \else
-    $$
+    $$%
   \fi
   \ignorespacesafterend
-}
+  }
+ }
+
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\start@aligned}
+    % aligned and friends
+    \cs_set:Npn \start@aligned #1#2 {
+      \RIfM@
+      \else
+        \nonmatherr@ { \begin { \@currenvir } }
+      \fi
+      \savecolumn@ % Assumption: called inside a group
+        \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {}{ \alignedspace@left }
+      \ams@start@box {#1} \bgroup
+        \maxfields@ #2 \relax
+        \ifnum \maxfields@ > \m@ne
+          \multiply \maxfields@ \tw@
+          \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@alignedat
+          \alignsep@ \z@skip
+        \else
+          \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@aligned
+          \alignsep@ \minalignsep
+        \fi
+        \Let@ \chardef \dspbrk@context \@ne
+        \default@tag
+        \spread@equation % no-op if already called
+        \global \column@ \z@
+        \ialign \bgroup
+          & \column@plus
+            \hfil
+            \strut@
+            $
+              \m@th
+              \displaystyle
+              {##}
+              \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \tabskip \z@skip
+          & \column@plus
+            $
+              \m@th
+              \displaystyle
+              {
+                {}
+                ##
+              }
+              \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+            \tabskip\alignsep@
+          \crcr
+          \ams@return@opt@arg
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~gathered}
+     \renewcommand \gathered [1] [c] {
+       \RIfM@
+       \else
+         \nonmatherr@ { \begin {gathered} }
+       \fi
+       \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {}{ \alignedspace@left }
+       \ams@start@box {#1} \bgroup
+         \Let@
+         \chardef \dspbrk@context \@ne
+         \restore@math@cr
+         \spread@equation
+         \ialign \bgroup
+             \hfil
+             \strut@
+             $
+               \m@th
+               \displaystyle
+               ##
+               \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+             $
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+             \hfil
+           \crcr
+             \ams@return@opt@arg
+     }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endaligned}
+   \cs_set:Npn \endaligned {
+         \crcr
+         \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/save}
+       \egroup
+       \restorecolumn@
+     \egroup
+     \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/finalize}
+   }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\gather@}
+     \cs_set:Npn \gather@ #1 {
+       \ingather@true
+       \let \split \insplit@
+       \let \tag \tag@in@align
+       \let \label \label@in@display
+       \chardef \dspbrk@context \z@
+       \intertext@ \displ@y@ \Let@
+       \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@gather
+       \gmeasure@ {#1}
+       \global \shifttag@false
+       \tabskip \z@skip
+       \global \row@ \@ne
+       \halign to \displaywidth \bgroup
+           \strut@
+           \setboxz@h {
+             $
+               \m@th
+               \displaystyle
+               {##}
+               \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+             $
+           }
+           \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+           \calc@shift@gather
+           \set@gather@field
+           \tabskip\@centering
+         &
+           \setboxz@h {
+             \strut@
+             {##}
+           }
+           \dim_compare:nNnTF {0pt} = {
+             \box_wd:N \c_zero_int
+           }
+           { \place@tag@gather }
+           {
+             \place@tag@gather
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+           }
+           \tabskip \iftagsleft@
+             \gdisplaywidth@
+           \else
+             \z@skip
+           \span \fi
+           \crcr
+           #1
+     }
+% in latex lab, add the luamml_ignore to \measuring@true instead.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\gmeasure@}
+    \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_gmeasure:n \gmeasure@
+    \cs_set:Npn \gmeasure@ #1 {
+      \exp_last_unbraced:Nno
+        \use_ii_i:nn
+        { \luamml_ignore: }
+        { \__luamml_amsmath_original_gmeasure:n {#1} }
+    }
+
+
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endgather}
+   \cs_set:Npn \endgather {
+         \math@cr
+         \black@ \totwidth@
+         \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {gather}
+     \egroup
+     $$
+     \ignorespacesafterend
+   }
+
+
+% align and friends
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\align@preamble}
+   \cs_set:Npn \align@preamble {
+     &
+       \hfil
+       \strut@
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         $
+           \m@th
+           \displaystyle
+           {##}
+           \ifmeasuring@
+             \luamml_ignore:
+           \else
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+           \fi
+         $
+       }
+       \ifmeasuring@
+         \savefieldlength@
+       \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+       \fi
+       \set@field
+       \tabskip\z@skip
+     &
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         $
+         \m@th
+         \displaystyle
+         {
+           {}
+           ##
+         }
+         \ifmeasuring@
+           \luamml_ignore:
+         \else
+           \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+         \fi
+         $
+       }
+       \ifmeasuring@
+         \savefieldlength@
+       \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+       \fi
+       \set@field
+       \hfil
+       \tabskip\alignsep@
+   }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\math@cr@@@align}
+   \cs_set:Npn \math@cr@@@align {
+     \ifst@rred
+       \nonumber
+     \fi
+     \if@eqnsw
+       \global \tag@true
+     \fi
+     \global \advance \row@ \@ne
+     \add@amps \maxfields@
+     \omit
+     \kern -\alignsep@
+     \iftag@
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         \strut@
+         { \make@display@tag }
+       }
+       \place@tag
+       \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+     \fi
+     \ifst@rred
+     \else
+       \global \@eqnswtrue
+     \fi
+     \global \lineht@ \z@
+     \cr
+   }
+
+% This was lost anyway, as the latex-lab code overwrites
+% the definition again.
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\maketag@@@}
+   \cs_set:Npn \maketag@@@ #1
+    {
+      \hbox {
+       \m@th
+       \normalfont
+       #1
+       \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/save}
+     }
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endalign}
+% this handled in latex-lab through \common@align@ending
+    \cs_set:Npn \endalign {
+      \math@cr
+      \black@ \totwidth@
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {align}
+      \egroup
+      \ifingather@
+        \restorealignstate@
+        \egroup
+        \nonumber
+        \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+      \else
+        $$
+      \fi
+      \ignorespacesafterend
+    }
+   
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\multline@}
+   % For a more interesting one, let's consider multline:
+   \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_multline:n \multline@
+   \cs_set:Npn \multline@ #1 {
+     \__luamml_amsmath_original_multline:n {
+       \ifmeasuring@ \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/aligncol} {left}
+       \fi
+       #1
+       \ifmeasuring@ \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/aligncol} {right}
+       \fi
+     }
+   }
+
+   %this is not move to latex-lab as the luamml_ignore is inserting with 
+   % \measuringtrue
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mmeasure@}
+   \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_mmeasure:n \mmeasure@
+   \cs_set:Npn \mmeasure@ #1 {
+     \exp_last_unbraced:Nno
+       \use_ii_i:nn
+       { \luamml_ignore: }
+       { \__luamml_amsmath_original_mmeasure:n {#1} }
+   }
+% Luckily, {multline} uses \endmultline@math in exactly
+% the spot where we have to set the flag.
+% Less luckily, \endmultline@math sometimes get overwritten for the last line.
+% But that isn't a problem since we want special behavior there anyway.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endmultline@math}
+    \cs_set:Npn \endmultline@math {
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{{} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+      $
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+    }
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\rendmultline@}
+    \cs_set:Npn \rendmultline@ {
+        \iftag@
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{{} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+          $
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+          \let \endmultline@math \relax
+          \ifshifttag@
+            \hskip \multlinegap
+            \llap {
+              \vtop {
+                \raise@tag
+                \normalbaselines
+                \setbox \@ne \null
+                \dp \@ne \lineht@
+                \box \@ne
+                \hbox {
+                  \strut@
+                  \make@display@tag
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          \else
+            \hskip \multlinetaggap
+            \make@display@tag
+          \fi
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+        \else
+          \hskip \multlinegap
+        \fi
+        \hfilneg
+        \math@cr
+        \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {multline}
+      \egroup
+      $$
+    }
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\lendmultline@}
+    \cs_set:Npn \lendmultline@ {
+        \hfilneg
+        \hskip\multlinegap
+        \math@cr
+        \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {multline}
+        %\__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n {multline}
+      \egroup
+      $$
+    }
+   
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~smallmatrix}
+    \renewenvironment {smallmatrix} {
+      \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {} { \null\, }
+      \vcenter \bgroup
+        \Let@
+        \restore@math@cr
+        \default@tag
+        \baselineskip 6 \ex@
+        \lineskip 1.5 \ex@
+        \lineskiplimit \lineskip
+        \ialign \bgroup
+            \hfil
+            $
+            \m@th
+            \scriptstyle
+            ##
+            % No \scriptsize here since we want to add the mstyle nodes
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nn}{ {} {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+          &&
+            \thickspace
+            \hfil
+            $
+            \m@th
+            \scriptstyle
+            ##
+            % No \scriptsize here since we want to add the mstyle nodes
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nn}{ {} {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+          \crcr
+    }{%
+          \crcr
+          \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/smallmatrix/save}
+        \egroup
+      \egroup
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/finalize}
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/annotate/false} {}{ \, }
+    }
+
+    % {cases} is defined by the kernel, but we patch the overwritten version by amsmath.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\env@cases}
+    \cs_set:Npn \env@cases {
+      \let \@ifnextchar \new@ifnextchar
+      \left \lbrace
+        \def \arraystretch {1.2}
+        \array {@{}l@{\quad \luamml_ignore:}l@{}}
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\bBigg@}
+   \cs_set:Npn \bBigg@ #1 #2 {
+     {
+       \ensuremath {
+         \Uvextensible height~#1 \big@size axis~exact~#2
+       }
+     }
+   }
+} %end package test

luamml-patches-amstext.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amstext} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {patches of amstext commands}
+
+% This is the same definition as in latex-lab-amsmath. It can go with the
+% 2025-06-01 release.
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\text@}    
+   \sys_if_engine_luatex:T
+    {
+      \def\text@#1{
+       \tag_socket_use:nnn {math/luamml/hbox}{}
+       {{%
+        \ifcase\mathstyle
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\sf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\sf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\ssf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\ssf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \ERROR
+        \fi
+        \check@mathfonts
+      }}}
+    }
+  }

luamml-patches-array.sty

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-array} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
-  {Feel free to add a description here}
-
-\lua_now:n { require'luamml-array' }
-
-\cs_set:Npn \@classz {
-  \@classx
-  \@tempcnta \count@
-  \prepnext@tok
-  \@addtopreamble {
-    \ifcase \@chnum
-      \hfil
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 0~
-      \do@row@strut
-      \hfil
-    \or
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 1~
-      \do@row@strut
-      \hfil
-    \or
-      \hfil
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 2~
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \setbox \ar@mcellbox \vbox \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \ar@align@mcell
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \vtop \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \vbox \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \do@row@strut
-    \fi
-  }
-  \prepnext@tok
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \endarray {
-  \crcr
-  \__luamml_array_save_array:
-  \egroup
-  \egroup
-  \__luamml_array_finalize_array:
-  \@arrayright
-  \gdef \@preamble {}
-}

luamml-patches-kernel.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-kernel} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+
+
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mathsm@sh}
+    \cs_set:Npn \mathsm@sh #1 #2 {
+     \setbox \z@ \hbox {
+       $
+       \m@th #1 {
+         #2
+       }
+       \luamml_save:nNn {mathsmash} #1 {mpadded}
+       \luamml_pdf_write:
+       $
+     }
+     \luamml_annotate:nen {2} {
+       nucleus = true,
+       core = consume_label('mathsmash', function(padded)
+         padded.height, padded.depth = 0, 0~
+       end),
+     } {
+       {}
+       \finsm@sh
+     }
+   }
+
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mathph@nt}
+   \cs_set:Npn \mathph@nt #1 #2 {
+     \setbox \z@ = \hbox {
+       $
+       \m@th
+       #1
+       {#2}
+       \luamml_save:nNn {mathphant} #1 {mphantom}
+       $
+     }
+     \luamml_annotate:nen {1} {
+       nucleus = true,
+       core = {[0] = 'mpadded',
+         \ifh@\else
+           width = 0,
+         \fi
+         \ifv@\else
+           height = 0, depth = 0,
+         \fi
+         consume_label'mathphant',
+       }
+     } {
+       \finph@nt
+     }
+   }
+   \IfFileLoadedT {latex-lab-math.ltx} {
+  \RequirePackage{luamml-patches-lab-math}
+   }
+ }
+
+% This is not moved to latex-lab for now. It doesn't work properly with structure elements
+% active: the content is outside of the math. 
+\@ifpackageloaded {unicode-math} {} {
+  \cs_new:Npn \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn #1#2#3 {
+    \cs_set:cpx { \cs_to_str:N #1 ~ } {
+      \luamml_annotate:nen {#2} {
+        nucleus = true, core = {[0] = 'mi', '\string\u{#3}'},
+      } {
+        \exp_not:v { \cs_to_str:N #1 ~ }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \models {3} {22a7}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \hookrightarrow {3} {21aa}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \hookleftarrow {3} {21a9}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \bowtie {3} {22c8}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longrightarrow {3} {27f9}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longrightarrow {3} {27f6}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longleftarrow {3} {27f8}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longleftarrow {3} {27f5}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longleftrightarrow {3} {27fa}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longleftrightarrow {3} {27f7}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longmapsto {4} {27fc}
+}

luamml-patches-lab-math.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-lab-math} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+
+% This definition is identical to the one in latex-lab-math.
+% The redefinition and the whole patch file can be removed in 2025-06-01
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+  \AddToHook{begindocument} {
+  \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\common@align@ending}
+  \cs_set:Npn \common@align@ending {
+    \math@cr
+    \black@ \totwidth@
+    \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize}{align}
+    \egroup
+    \ifingather@
+      \restorealignstate@
+      \egroup
+      \nonumber
+      \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+    \else
+      $$
+    \fi
+    \ignorespacesafterend
+   }
+  }
+}

luamml-patches-mathtools.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-mathtools} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+    \RequirePackage{luamml-patches-amsmath}
+    % see https://github.com/latex3/tagging-project/issues/734
+    \renewcommand*\MT_mult_internal:n [1]{
+     \MH_if_boolean:nF {outer_mult}{\alignedspace@left} %<-- requires amsmath 2016/11/05
+      \MT_next:
+      \bgroup
+        \Let@
+        \def\l_MT_multline_lastline_fint{0 }
+        \chardef\dspbrk@context\@ne \restore@math@cr
+        \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@\MT_mult_mathcr_atat:w
+        \MH_let:NwN \shoveleft\MT_shoveleft:wn
+        \MH_let:NwN \shoveright\MT_shoveright:wn
+        \spread@equation
+        \MH_set_boolean_F:n {mult_firstline}
+        \MT_measure_mult:n {#1}
+        \MH_if_dim:w \l_MT_multwidth_dim<\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim
+          \MH_setlength:dn \l_MT_multwidth_dim{\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim}
+        \fi
+        \MH_set_boolean_T:n {mult_firstline}
+        \MH_if_num:w \l_MT_multline_lastline_fint=\@ne
+          \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@ \MT_mult_firstandlast_mathcr:w
+        \MH_fi:
+        \ialign\bgroup
+          \hfil\strut@$\m@th\displaystyle{}##
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+          $
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+          \hfil
+          \crcr
+          \hfilneg
+          #1
+    }
+}

luamml-pdf-demo.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-pdf-demo}{2025-03-06}{0.5.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml-pdf}
+
+\RequirePackage{luamml-pdf}% Loading luamml-pdf is pretty much the point
+% \RequirePackage{amsmath,array}% May come back if the patches get ported
+
+% Delay family mappings to allow for replacements
+\AddToHook{begindocument/before}{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{unicode-math}{}{%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}%
+  }
+}
+
+\cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLSetFilename #1 {}
+
+% TODO.
+% \cs_generate_variant:Nn \pdffile_filespec:nnn {ene}
+% \int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+% \cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLTagAF #1#2 {
+%   \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+%   \exp_args:Ne \pdf_object_new:nn{__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int}{dict}
+%   \exp_args:Ne \tagstructbegin{tag=Formula,AF=__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int,#1}
+%   \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+%     \tagmcbegin{tag=Formula}
+%   }
+%   #2
+%   \group_begin:
+%     \pdfdict_put:nnn {l_pdffile/Filespec} {AFRelationship}{/Supplement}
+%     \pdffile_filespec:ene
+%       { __luamml_demo_ \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int }
+%       { test.xml }
+%       { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}\c_space_tl 0~R}
+%   \group_end:
+%   \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+%     \tagmcend
+%   }
+%   \tagstructend
+% }
+
+\NewDocumentCommand\AnnotateFormula{ o m m }{%
+  \IfValueTF{#1}{%
+    \luamml_annotate:nen{#1}%
+  }{
+    \luamml_annotate:en
+  }{#2}{#3}
+}
+
+\cs_set_eq:NN \WriteoutFormula \luamml_pdf_write:

luamml-structelemwriter.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+local struct_begin = token.create'tag_struct_begin:n'
+local struct_use = token.create'tag_struct_use:n'
+local struct_use_num = token.create'tag_struct_use_num:n'
+local struct_end = token.create'tag_struct_end:'
+
+local mc_begin = token.create'tag_mc_begin:n'
+local mc_end = token.create'tag_mc_end:'
+
+local catlatex       = luatexbase.registernumber("catcodetable@latex")
+
+ltx = ltx or {}
+ltx.__tag = ltx.__tag or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct = ltx.__tag.struct or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct.luamml = ltx.__tag.struct.luamml or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels = ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels or {}
+
+local function escape_name(name)
+  return name
+end
+
+local function escape_string(str)
+  return str
+end
+
+local ltx
+local function get_ltx()
+  if not ltx then
+    ltx = _ENV.ltx
+    if not ltx then
+      tex.error("LaTeX PDF support not loaded", {"Maybe try adding \\DocumentMetadata."})
+      ltx = {pdf = {object_id = function() return 0 end}}
+    end
+  end
+  return ltx
+end
+
+local mathml_ns_obj
+local function get_mathml_ns_obj()
+  if not mathml_ns_obj then
+    mathml_ns_obj = get_ltx().pdf.object_id'tag/NS/mathml'
+    if not mathml_ns_obj then
+      tex.error("Failed to find MathML namespace", {"The PDF support does not know the mathml namespace"})
+      mathml_ns_obj = 0
+    end
+  end
+  return mathml_ns_obj
+end
+
+local attribute_counter = 0
+local attributes = setmetatable({}, {__index = function(t, k)
+  attribute_counter = attribute_counter + 1
+  local attr_name = string.format('luamml_attr_%i', attribute_counter)
+  t[k] = attr_name
+  tex.runtoks(function()
+    tex.sprint(catlatex,string.format('\\tagpdfsetup{newattribute={%s}{/O/NSO/NS %i 0 R',
+        attr_name, mathml_ns_obj or get_mathml_ns_obj()))
+    -- tex.sprint(string.format('\\tagpdfsetup{newattribute={%s}{/O/MathML-3',
+    --     attr_name))
+    tex.cprint(12, k)
+    tex.sprint'}}'
+  end)
+  return attr_name
+end})
+
+local mc_type = luatexbase.attributes.g__tag_mc_type_attr
+local mc_cnt = luatexbase.attributes.g__tag_mc_cnt_attr
+-- print('!!!', mc_type, mc_cnt)
+
+local stash_cnt = 0
+local attrs = {}
+local function write_elem(tree, stash)
+  if tree[':struct'] then
+    return tex.runtoks(function()
+      return tex.sprint(struct_use, '{', tree[':struct'], '}')
+    end)
+  end
+  if tree[':structnum'] then
+    return tex.runtoks(function()
+      return tex.sprint(struct_use_num, '{', tree[':structnum'], '}')
+    end)
+  end
+  if not tree[0] then print('ERR', require'inspect'(tree)) end
+  local i = 0
+  for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' and not string.find(attr, ':') and attr ~= 'xmlns' then
+  -- for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' and string.byte(attr) ~= 0x3A then
+    i = i + 1
+    attrs[i] = string.format('/%s(%s)', escape_name(attr), escape_string(val))
+  end end
+  table.sort(attrs)
+
+  if stash then
+    tree[':structnum'] = get_ltx().tag.get_struct_num_next()
+    stash = ', stash, '
+  end
+
+  local attr_flag = i ~= 0 and ', attribute=' .. attributes[table.concat(attrs)]
+  tex.sprint(struct_begin, '{tag=' .. tree[0] .. '/mathml')
+  if stash then tex.sprint(stash) end
+  if attr_flag then tex.sprint(attr_flag) end
+  tex.sprint'}'
+  for j = 1, i do attrs[j] = nil end
+
+  if tree[':nodes'] then
+    local n = tree[':nodes']
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      if tree[':actual'] then
+       tex.sprint(mc_begin,'{tag=Span,actualtext=')
+       tex.cprint(12,tree[':actual'])
+       tex.sprint('}')
+      else
+       tex.sprint{mc_begin, string.format('{tag=%s}', tree[0])}
+      end
+      -- NOTE: This will also flush all previous sprint's... That's often annoying, but in this case actually intentional.
+    end)
+    local mct, mcc = tex.attribute[mc_type], tex.attribute[mc_cnt]
+    for i = 1, #n do
+      node.set_attribute(n[i], mc_type, mct)
+      node.set_attribute(n[i], mc_cnt, mcc)
+    end
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      tex.sprint(mc_end)
+    end)
+  end
+  for _, elem in ipairs(tree) do
+    if type(elem) ~= 'string'  and not elem['tex:ignore']  then
+      if elem['intent']==':equation-label' and ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels then
+        if #ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels > 0 then         
+         -- print("CHECK LABEL STRUCTURE: ",table.serialize(elem), table.serialize(ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels))
+        local num= table.remove(ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels,1) 
+        elem[1][#elem+1]={[':structnum']= num}
+        end
+      end 
+      write_elem(elem)
+    end
+  end
+  tex.runtoks(function()
+    tex.sprint(struct_end)
+  end)
+end
+
+return function(element, stash)
+  return write_elem(element, stash)
+end

luamml-table.lua

@@ -4,8 +4,23 @@ local save_result = require'luamml-tex'.save_result
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
+local glue_id = node.id'glue'
+local tabskip_sub = 12
+assert(node.subtypes'glue'[tabskip_sub] == 'tabskip')
+
 local function store_get_row()
-  local row_temp = tex.nest[tex.nest.ptr-1].head
+  local row_temp
+  for i=tex.nest.ptr-1, 0, -1 do
+    local head = tex.nest[i].head
+    local glue = head.next
+    if glue and glue.id == glue_id and glue.subtype == tabskip_sub then
+      row_temp = head
+      break
+    end
+  end
+  if not row_temp then
+    error[[luamml_table's store function called outside of table]]
+  end
   local props = properties[row_temp]
   if not props then
     props = {}
@@ -20,32 +35,45 @@ local function store_get_row()
 end
 
 local function store_column_xml(mml, display)
-  if display and mml[0] == 'mstyle' and mml.displaystyle == true then
+  if mml[0] ~= 'mtd' then
-    mml[0], mml.displaystyle, mml.scriptlevel = 'mtd', nil, nil
+    if display and mml[0] == 'mstyle' and mml.displaystyle == true then
-  else
+      mml[0], mml.displaystyle, mml.scriptlevel = 'mtd', nil, nil
-    if display and mml[0] ~= 'mstyle' then
+    else
-      mml = {[0] = 'mstyle', displaystyle = false, mml}
+      if display and mml[0] ~= 'mstyle' then
+        mml = {[0] = 'mstyle', displaystyle = false, mml}
+      end
+      mml = {[0] = 'mtd', mml}
     end
-    mml = {[0] = 'mtd', mml}
   end
   table.insert(store_get_row(), mml)
   return mml
 end
 
-local function store_column(startmath, display)
+local function store_column(startmath)
   local props = properties[startmath]
   if not props then return end
-  local mml = props.saved_mathml_table
+  local mml = props.saved_mathml_table or props.saved_mathml_core
-  if mml then return store_column_xml(mml, display) end
+  if mml then return store_column_xml(mml) end
 end
 
 local function store_tag(xml)
   local mml_row = store_get_row()
-  mml_row[0] = 'mlabeledtr'
+  xml.intent = ':equation-label'
   table.insert(mml_row, 1, xml)
   last_tag = nil
 end
 
+local function store_notag(xml)
+  local mml_row = store_get_row()
+  xml.intent = ':no-equation-label'
+  table.insert(mml_row, 1, xml)  
+end
+
+local function set_row_attribute(name, value)
+  local mml_row = store_get_row()
+  mml_row[name] = value
+end
+
 luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter', function(_, group)
   if group ~= 'fin_row' then return true end
 
@@ -83,5 +111,7 @@ return {
   store_column = store_column,
   store_column_xml = store_column_xml,
   store_tag = store_tag,
+  store_notag = store_notag,
+  set_row_attribute = set_row_attribute,
   get_table = get_table,
 }

luamml-tex-annotate.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+local nest = tex.nest
+
+local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+
+local mark_environment = {
+  data = {
+  },
+}
+do
+  local _ENV = mark_environment
+  function consume_label(label, fn)
+    local mathml = data.mathml[label]
+    data.mathml[label] = nil
+    if fn then fn(mathml) end
+    return mathml
+  end
+end
+
+local function annotate()
+  local annotation, err = load( 'return {'
+      .. token.scan_argument()
+    .. '}', nil, 't', mark_environment)
+  if not annotation then
+    tex.error('Error while parsing LuaMML annotation', {err})
+    return 0
+  end
+  annotation = annotation()
+  local nesting = nest.top
+  local props = properties[nesting.head]
+  local current = props and props.luamml__annotate_context
+  if current then
+    current, props.luamml__annotate_context = current.head, current.prev
+  else
+    tex.error('Mismatched LuaMML annotation',
+      {'Something odd happened. Maybe you forgot braces around an annotated symbol in a subscript or superscript?'})
+    return 0
+  end
+  local after = nesting.tail
+  local count, offset = 0, annotation.offset
+  local marked
+  if current == after then
+    tex.error'Empty LuaMML annotation'
+  else
+    repeat
+      current = current.next
+      count = count + 1
+      if count == offset then
+        marked = current
+      elseif offset or current ~= after then
+        local props = properties[current]
+        if not props then
+          props = {}
+          properties[current] = props
+        end
+        props.mathml_table, props.mathml_core = nil, false
+      end
+    until current == after
+    if offset and not marked then
+      tex.error'Invalid offset in LuaMML annotation'
+    end
+    marked = marked or current
+    if annotation.nucleus then
+      marked = marked.nucleus
+    end
+    if marked then
+      local props = properties[marked]
+      if not props then
+        props = {}
+        properties[marked] = props
+      end
+      if annotation.core ~= nil then
+        props.mathml_core = annotation.core
+      end
+      if annotation.struct ~= nil then
+        local saved = props.mathml_filter
+        local struct = annotation.struct
+        function props.mathml_filter(mml, core)
+          mml[':struct'] = struct
+          if saved then
+            return saved(mml, core)
+          else
+            return mml, core
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      if annotation.structnum ~= nil then
+        local saved = props.mathml_filter
+        local structnum = annotation.structnum
+        function props.mathml_filter(mml, core)
+          mml[':structnum'] = structnum
+          if saved then
+            return saved(mml, core)
+          else
+            return mml, core
+          end
+        end
+      end            
+    else
+      tex.error'Unable to annotate nucleus of node without nucleus'
+    end
+  end
+  return count
+end
+
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_begin:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_begin:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  local top = nest.top
+  local temp = top.head
+  local props = properties[temp]
+  if not props then
+    props = {}
+    properties[temp] = props
+  end
+  props.luamml__annotate_context = {
+    prev = props.luamml__annotate_context,
+    head = top.tail,
+  }
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_end:we'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_end:we', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  local count = token.scan_int()
+  local real_count = annotate()
+  if count ~= real_count then
+    tex.error('Incorrect count in LuaMML annotation', {
+        'A LuaMML annotation was discovered with an explicit count \z
+        which was not the same as the number of top-level nodes annotated.',
+        string.format('This can be fixed by changing the supplied count from %i to %i \z
+          or by omitting the count value entirely.', count, real_count)
+    })
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_end:e'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_end:e', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = annotate
+
+return mark_environment

luamml-tex.lua

@@ -5,8 +5,43 @@ local register_family = mlist_to_mml.register_family
 
 local mappings = require'luamml-legacy-mappings'
 local write_xml = require'luamml-xmlwriter'
+local write_struct = require'luamml-structelemwriter'
+
+local filename_token = token.create'l__luamml_filename_tl'
+local label_token = token.create'l__luamml_label_tl'
+local left_brace = token.new(string.byte'{', 1)
+local right_brace = token.new(string.byte'}', 2)
+
+local output_hook_token
+local global_text_families = {}
+local text_families_meta = {__index = function(t, fam)
+  if fam == nil then return nil end
+  local assignment = global_text_families[fam]
+  if assignment == nil then
+    local fid = node.family_font(fam)
+    local fontdir = font.getfont(fid)
+    if not fontdir then
+      -- FIXME(?): If there is no font...
+      error'Please load your fonts?!?'
+    end
+    assignment = not (fontdir.MathConstants and next(fontdir.MathConstants))
+  end
+  t[fam] = assignment
+  return assignment
+end}
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+local mmode, hmode, vmode do
+  local result, input = {}, tex.getmodevalues()
+  for k,v in next, tex.getmodevalues() do
+    if v == 'math' then mmode = k
+    elseif v == 'horizontal' then hmode = k
+    elseif v == 'vertical' then vmode = k
+    else assert(v == 'unset')
+    end
+  end
+  assert(mmode and hmode and vmode)
+end
 
 local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'RegisterFamilyMapping'
 token.set_lua('RegisterFamilyMapping', funcid, 'protected')
@@ -15,70 +50,128 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   local mapping = token.scan_string()
   if mappings[mapping] then
     register_family(fam, mappings[mapping])
+    if global_text_families[fam] == nil then
+      global_text_families[fam] = false
+    end
   else
     tex.error(string.format('Unknown font mapping %q', mapping))
   end
 end
 
--- Possible flag values:
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'RegisterFamilyMapping'
---   0: Normal (This is the only supported one in display mode)
+token.set_lua('RegisterTextFamily', funcid, 'protected')
---   1: Like 0, result is display math
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
---   2: Generate MathML, but only save it for later usage in startmath node
+  local fam = token.scan_int()
---   3: Skip
+  local _kind = token.scan_string()
---   4: Prepend node list from buffer before generating
+  global_text_families[fam] = true
---   5: Like 5, result is display math
+end
---   6: 2+4
---   7: Skip but save copy of node list in buffer
---
---  In other words:
---    Bit 1: Suppress output
---    Bit 0: Force display if 1 isn't set, if it is then skip MathML generation
---    Bit 2: Integrate with table mechanism
 
-local mlist_buffer
+local function shallow_copy(t)
-local mlist_result, mlist_display
+  local tt = {}
-
+  for k,v in next, t do
-local function save_result(xml, display)
+    tt[k] = v
-  mlist_result, mlist_display = xml, display
-  if tex.count.tracingmathml > 1 then
-    -- Here xml gets wrapped in an mrow to avoid modifying it.
-    texio.write_nl(write_xml(make_root({[0] = 'mrow', xml}, display and 0 or 2)) .. '\n')
   end
+  return tt
+end
+
+-- Possible flag values:
+--   0: Skip
+--   1: Generate MathML, but only save it for later usage in startmath node
+--   3: Normal (This is the only supported one in display mode)
+--  11: Generate MathML structure elements
+--
+--  More generally, flags is a bitfield with the defined bits:
+--    Bit 5-7: See Bit 4
+--    Bit 4: Overwrite mathstyle with bit 9-11
+--    Bit 3: Generate MathML structure elements
+--    Bit 2: Change root element name for saved element
+--    Bit 1: Save MathML as a fully converted formula
+--    Bit 0: Save MathML for later usage in startmath node. Ignored for display math.
+
+local out_file
+
+local mlist_result
+
+local undefined_cmd = token.command_id'undefined_cs'
+local call_cmd = token.command_id'call'
+
+local labelled_mathml = {}
+
+local function save_result(xml, display, structelem)
+  mlist_result = make_root(xml, display and 0 or 2)
+  if out_file then
+    out_file:write(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 1 == 1):sub(2) .. '\n')
+  else
+    token.put_next(filename_token)
+    local filename = token.scan_argument()
+    if filename ~= '' then
+      assert(io.open(filename, 'w'))
+        :write(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 1 == 1):sub(2) .. '\n')
+        :close()
+    end
+  end
+  local tracing = tex.count.tracingmathml > 1
+  if tracing then
+    texio.write_nl(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 2 == 2) .. '\n')
+  end
+  if output_hook_token then
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      tex.sprint(-2, output_hook_token, left_brace, write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 4 == 4), right_brace)
+    end)
+  end
+  if tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int & 8 == 8 then
+    write_struct(mlist_result)
+  end
+  return mlist_result
 end
 
 luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_mlist_to_hlist_filter', function(mlist, style)
-  local flag = tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int
+  if tex.nest.top.mode == mmode then -- This is a equation label generated with \eqno
-  if flag & 3 == 3 then
-    if flag & 4 == 4 then
-      assert(mlist_buffer == nil)
-      mlist_buffer = node.copy_list(mlist)
-    end
     return true
   end
-  local new_mlist, buffer_tail
+  local flag = tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int
+  if flag & 3 == 0 then
+    return true
+  end
+  local display = style == 'display'
+  local startmath = tex.nest.top.tail -- Must come before any write_struct calls which adds nodes
+  style = flag & 16 == 16 and flag>>5 & 0x7 or display and 0 or 2
+  local xml, core = process_mlist(mlist, style, setmetatable({}, text_families_meta))
+  if flag & 2 == 2 then
+    xml = save_result(shallow_copy(xml), display)
+  end
   if flag & 4 == 4 then
-    new_mlist, buffer_tail = assert(mlist_buffer), node.tail(mlist_buffer)
+    local element_type = token.get_macro'l__luamml_root_tl'
-    mlist.prev, buffer_tail.next = buffer_tail, mlist
+    if element_type ~= 'mrow' then
-    mlist_buffer = nil
+      if xml[0] == 'mrow' then
-  else
+        xml[0] = element_type
-    new_mlist = mlist
+      else
+        xml = {[0] = element_type, xml}
+      end
+    end
   end
-  local xml = process_mlist(new_mlist, style == 'display' and 0 or 2)
+  if not display and flag & 1 == 1 then
-  if flag & 2 == 0 then
-    save_result(xml, style == 'display' or flag & 1 == 1)
-  end
-  if style == 'text' then
-    local startmath = tex.nest.top.tail
     local props = properties[startmath]
     if not props then
       props = {}
       properties[startmath] = props
     end
-    props.saved_mathml_table = xml
+    props.saved_mathml_table, props.saved_mathml_core = xml, core
-  end
+    token.put_next(label_token)
-  if buffer_tail then
+    local label = token.scan_argument()
-    mlist.prev, buffer_tail.next = nil, nil
+    if label ~= '' then
-    node.flush_list(new_mlist)
+      if labelled_mathml[label] then
+        tex.error('MathML Label already in use', {
+            'A MathML expression has a label which is already used by another \z
+             formula. If you do not want to label this formula with a unique \z
+             label, set a empty label instead.'})
+      else
+        labelled_mathml[label] = xml
+      end
+    end
+    if flag & 10 == 8 then
+      write_struct(xml, true) -- This modifies xml in-place to reference the struture element
+    end
   end
   return true
 end, 'dump_list')
@@ -91,7 +184,7 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
         "I was asked to provide MathML code for the last formula, but there weren't any new formulas since you last asked."
       })
   end
-  local mml = write_xml(make_root(mlist_result, mlist_display and 0 or 2))
+  local mml = write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 8 == 8)
   if tex.count.tracingmathml == 1 then
     texio.write_nl(mml .. '\n')
   end
@@ -99,6 +192,41 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   mlist_result = nil
 end
 
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_begin_single_file:'
+token.set_lua('luamml_begin_single_file:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  token.put_next(filename_token)
+  local filename = token.scan_argument()
+  if filename ~= '' then
+    out_file = assert(io.open(filename, 'w'))
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_end_single_file:'
+token.set_lua('luamml_end_single_file:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  if out_file then
+    out_file:close()
+    out_file = nil
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_register_output_hook:N'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_register_output_hook:N', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  output_hook_token = token.get_next()
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_disable_output_hook:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_disable_output_hook:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  output_hook_token = nil
+end
+
+local annotate_context = require'luamml-tex-annotate'
+annotate_context.data.mathml = labelled_mathml
+
 return {
   save_result = save_result,
+  labelled = labelled_mathml,
 }

luamml-xmlwriter.lua

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ local escapes = {
   ['&'] = "&",
 }
 local function escape_text(text)
-  return string.gsub(tostring(text), '("<>&)', escapes)
+  return string.gsub(string.gsub(tostring(text), '["<>&]', escapes), '[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F]', function(x)
+    return string.format('^^%02x', string.byte(x))
+  end)
 end
 
 local attrs = {}
@@ -19,8 +21,11 @@ local function write_elem(tree, indent)
   local escaped_name = escape_name(assert(tree[0]))
   local i = 0
   for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' then
-    i = i + 1
+    if not string.find(attr, ':', 1, true) then
-    attrs[i] = string.format(' %s="%s"', escape_name(attr), escape_text(val))
+    -- if string.byte(attr) ~= 0x3A then
+      i = i + 1
+      attrs[i] = string.format(' %s="%s"', escape_name(attr), escape_text(val))
+    end
   end end
   table.sort(attrs)
   local out = string.format('%s<%s%s', indent or '', escaped_name, table.concat(attrs))
@@ -29,15 +34,24 @@ local function write_elem(tree, indent)
     return out .. '/>'
   end
   out = out .. '>'
+  -- Never indent the content if it's purely text.
+  if #tree == 1 and type(tree[1]) == 'string' then
+    indent = nil
+  end
   local inner_indent = indent and indent .. '  '
+  local is_string
   for _, elem in ipairs(tree) do
     if type(elem) == 'string' then
-      if inner_indent then
+      if inner_indent and not is_string then
         out = out .. inner_indent
       end
       out = out .. escape_text(elem)
+      is_string = true
     else
-      out = out .. write_elem(elem, inner_indent)
+      if not elem['tex:ignore'] then
+        out = out .. write_elem(elem, inner_indent)
+      end
+      is_string = nil
     end
   end
   if indent then out = out .. indent end
@@ -46,5 +60,5 @@ end
 
 return function(element, indent, version)
   return (version == '11' and '<?xml version="1.1"?>' or '') ..
-    write_elem(element, indent and '' or nil)
+    write_elem(element, indent and '\n' or nil)
 end

luamml.sty

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
-  {Feel free to add a description here}
-
-\int_new:N \l__luamml_flag_int
-\int_new:N \tracingmathml
-\lua_now:n { require'luamml-tex' }
-
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_save: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 2 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_ignore: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 3 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_alignment_left: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 7 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_alignment_right: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 6 }
-}
-
-\cs_new:Npn \__luamml_patch_package:nn #1 #2 {
-  \@ifpackageloaded {#1} {#2} {
-    \hook_gput_code:nnn {package/after/#1} {luamml} {#2}
-  }
-}
-\cs_new:Npn \__luamml_patch_package:n #1 {
-  \__luamml_patch_package:nn {#1} {
-    \RequirePackage { luamml-patches-#1 }
-  }
-}
-\__luamml_patch_package:n {amsmath}
-\__luamml_patch_package:n {array}

pdfmml-emulate-node.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+local properties = {}
+local subtypes = {
+  noad = {[0] = 'ord', 'opdisplaylimits', 'oplimits', 'opnolimits', 'bin', 'rel', 'open', 'close', 'punct', 'inner', 'under', 'over', 'vcenter'},
+  fence = {[0] = 'unset', 'left', 'middle', 'right', 'no'},
+  radical = {[0] = 'radical', 'uradical', 'uroot', 'uunderdelimiter', 'uoverdelimiter', 'udelimiterunder', 'udelimiterover'},
+}
+local function traverse_iter(context, head)
+  if head == nil then
+    head = context
+  else
+    head = head.next
+  end
+  if head then
+    return head, head.id, head.subtype
+  else
+    return nil
+  end
+end
+node = {
+  get_properties_table = function()
+    return properties
+  end,
+  id = function(name)
+    return name
+  end,
+  is_node = function(node)
+    return type(node) == 'table' and node.id and true or false
+  end,
+  subtypes = function(id)
+    return subtypes[id]
+  end,
+  traverse = function(head)
+    return traverse_iter, head, nil
+  end,
+  direct = {
+    todirect = function(n) return n end,
+  },
+}
+tex.nulldelimiterspace = tex.nulldelimiterspace or 78643 -- 1.2pt

pdfmml-logreader.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+local l = lpeg or require'lpeg'
+
+local line = (1-l.P'\n')^0 * '\n'
+
+local id = l.R'09'^1/tonumber
+local non_final_list_block = (l.C((1-l.P'\n')^1) * '\n' - '### ' + '\n')^0
+local math_lists_block = l.Ct('### ' * l.Cg(l.C'display' * ' ', 'display')^-1 * 'math mode entered at line ' * l.Cg(l.R'09'^1 / tonumber, 'line') * '\n'
+                       * non_final_list_block)^1
+local generic_list_block = '### ' * (line - 'current page:') * non_final_list_block
+local luamml_block = l.Cg('LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:' * id * ':' * l.Ct(
+   l.Cg(id, 'flag') * ':' * l.Cg((1-l.S':\n')^0, 'tag') * ':' * l.Cg((1-l.P'\n')^1, 'label')^-1 * l.P'\n'^1
+   
+ * (math_lists_block + generic_list_block/0)^0
+ * (line - 'LUAMML_FORMULA_END\n')^0
+ * 'LUAMML_FORMULA_END\n') * l.Cc'groups')
+
+local luamml_mark = l.Cg('LUAMML_MARK:' * id * ':' * l.Cs((1 - l.P'\n' + l.Cg('\n' * l.Cc'' - '\nLUAMML_MARK_END\n'))^0) * '\nLUAMML_MARK_END\n' * l.Cc'marks')
+
+local function add(a, b) return a + b end
+local count_block = '### ' * line * l.Cf(l.Cc(0) * (('\\' * l.Cc(1))^-1 * line - '### ')^0, add)
+local luamml_precount = l.Cg('LUAMML_COUNT:' * id * l.P'\n'^1
+                      * count_block * l.Cc'precount')
+
+local luamml_postcount = l.Cg('LUAMML_COUNT_END:' * id * l.P'\n'^1
+                       * count_block * l.Cc'postcount')
+
+local luamml_instruction = l.Cg('LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:' * l.Cc(nil) * l.C((1 - l.P'\n')^0) * '\n' * l.Cc'instructions')
+
+local function multi_table_set(t, key, value, table)
+  table = t[table]
+  table[key or #table + 1] = value
+  return t
+end
+local log_file = l.Cf(l.Ct(l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'groups')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'precount')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'postcount')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'marks')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'instructions'))
+               * (luamml_block + luamml_mark + luamml_instruction + luamml_precount  + luamml_postcount + line)^0,
+               multi_table_set)
+
+return function(filename)
+  local f
+  if filename and filename ~= '-' then
+    local msg f, msg = assert(io.open(filename, 'r'))
+    if not f then return f, msg end
+  end
+  local content = (f or io.stdin):read'a'
+  if f then f:close() end
+  -- The following does *not* end with * -1 since we want to allow the last line to not end with \n.
+  -- In that case we ignore the last line, but that's safe since the last line never contains our markers.
+  local parsed = assert(log_file:match(content))
+  local precount, postcount, count = parsed.precount, parsed.postcount, {}
+  for id, pre in next, precount do
+    local post = assert(postcount[id], 'Unbalanced count')
+    count[id], postcount[id] = post-pre, nil
+  end
+  assert(not next(postcount), 'Unbalanced count')
+  parsed.precount, parsed.postcount, parsed.count = nil, nil, count
+  return parsed
+end

pdfmml-showlists.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+require'pdfmml-emulate-node'
+
+local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+
+local l = lpeg or require'lpeg'
+local hex_digit = l.R('09', 'af')
+local function hex_to_int(s) return tonumber(s, 16) end
+local tex_char = l.Cg('^^' * (hex_digit * hex_digit / hex_to_int
+                           + l.R'\0\x3F' / function(s) return s:byte() + 0x40  end
+                           + l.R'\x40\x7F' / function(s) return s:byte() - 0x40  end)
+                   + l.P(1) / string.byte)
+
+local scaled = l.P'-'^-1 * l.R'09'^1 * '.' * l.R'09'^1 / function(s) return (tonumber(s * 0x10000) + .5) // 1 end
+local int = l.P'-'^-1 * l.R'09'^1 / tonumber
+local glue_order_mu = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                    + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                    + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                    + 'mu' * l.Cc(0)
+local glue_order_pt = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                    + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                    + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                    + 'pt' * l.Cc(0)
+local glue_order = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                 + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                 + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                 + l.Cc(0)
+local delimiter_code = '"' * (l.R('09', 'AF')^1 / function(s)
+  local code = tonumber(s, 16)
+  return {id = 'delim',
+    small_fam = (code >> 20) & 0xF,
+    small_char = (code >> 12) & 0xFF,
+    large_fam = (code >> 8) & 0xF,
+    large_char = code & 0xFF,
+  }
+end)
+
+local balanced_braces = l.Ct{'{' * (1-l.S'{}'+l.V(1))^0 * '}'}
+
+local math_char = l.Ct('\\fam' * l.Cg(l.R'09'^1 / tonumber, 'fam') * ' ' * l.Cg(tex_char, 'char') * l.Cg(l.Cc'math_char', 'id'))
+
+local hdw = '(' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'height') * '+' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'depth') * ')x' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'width')
+
+local generic_simple_node = l.Ct('\\' * (
+  l.Cg('rule', 'id') * hdw
+  + l.Cg('kern', 'id') * l.Cg(' ' * l.Cc(1) + l.Cc(0), 'subtype') * l.Cg(scaled, 'kern') * (' (for ' * (l.R'az' + l.S'/\\') * ')')^-1
+  + l.Cg('glue', 'id') * l.Cg('(\\' * (
+        'line' * l.Cc(1)
+      + 'baseline' * l.Cc(2)
+      + 'par' * l.Cc(3)
+      + 'abovedisplay' * l.Cc(4)
+      + 'belowdisplay' * l.Cc(5)
+      + 'abovedisplayshort' * l.Cc(6)
+      + 'belowdisplayshort' * l.Cc(7)
+      + 'left' * l.Cc(8)
+      + 'right' * l.Cc(9)
+      + 'top' * l.Cc(10)
+      + 'splittop' * l.Cc(11)
+      + 'tab' * l.Cc(12)
+      + 'space' * l.Cc(13)
+      + 'xspace' * l.Cc(14)
+      + 'parfill' * l.Cc(15)
+      + 'math' * l.Cc(16)
+      + 'thinmu' * l.Cc(17)
+      + 'medmu' * l.Cc(18)
+      + 'thickmu' * l.Cc(19)) * 'skip)' + l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+    * ' ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'width')
+    * (' plus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'stretch') * l.Cg(glue_order, 'stretch_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch_order'))
+    * (' minus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'shrink') * l.Cg(glue_order, 'shrink_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink_order'))
+  + l.Cg('penalty', 'id') * ' ' * l.Cg(int, 'penalty')
+  + l.Cg('mark', 'id') * l.Cg('s' * int + l.Cc(0), 'class') * l.Cg(balanced_braces, 'mark')
+)) * -1
+
+local simple_noad = l.Ct('\\' * (
+    'math' * l.Cg(
+        'ord' * l.Cc(0)
+      + 'open' * l.Cc(6)
+      + 'op\\limits' * l.Cc(2)
+      + 'op\\nolimits' * l.Cc(3)
+      + 'op' * l.Cc(1)
+      + 'bin' * l.Cc(4)
+      + 'rel' * l.Cc(5)
+      + 'close' * l.Cc(7)
+      + 'punct' * l.Cc(8)
+      + 'inner' * l.Cc(9)
+      + 'under' * l.Cc(10)
+      + 'over' * l.Cc(11)
+      + 'vcenter' * l.Cc(12)
+      , 'subtype') * l.Cg(l.Cc'noad', 'id')
+  + l.Cg('radical', 'id') * l.Cg(delimiter_code, 'left') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('accent', 'id') * l.Cg(math_char, 'accent') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('left' * l.Cc(1)
+       + 'middle' * l.Cc(2)
+       + 'right' * l.Cc(3), 'subtype') * l.Cg(delimiter_code, 'delim')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'options') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'height')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'depth') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'height')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(-1), 'class') * l.Cg(l.Cc'fence', 'id')
+  + l.Cg(
+      'display' * l.Cc(0)
+    + 'text' * l.Cc(2)
+    + 'scriptscript' * l.Cc(6)
+    + 'script' * l.Cc(4), 'subtype') * l.Cg('style', 'id')
+  + 'm' * l.Cg('kern', 'id') * l.Cg(scaled, 'kern') * 'mu' * l.Cg(l.Cc(99), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('glue', 'id') * (
+      '(\\nonscript)' * l.Cg(l.Cc(98), 'subtype')
+    + '(\\mskip)' * l.Cg(l.Cc(99), 'subtype')
+      * ' ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'width') * 'mu'
+      * (' plus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'stretch') * l.Cg(glue_order_mu, 'stretch_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch_order'))
+      * (' minus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'shrink') * l.Cg(glue_order_mu, 'shrink_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink_order'))
+    )
+  )) * -1
++ generic_simple_node
+
+local simple_text = l.Ct('\\' * (
+    l.Cg('math', 'id') * l.Cg(
+        'on' * l.Cc(0)
+      + 'off' * l.Cc(1)
+      , 'subtype') * l.Cg(', surrounded ' * scaled + l.Cc(0), 'surround')
+  )) * -1
++ generic_simple_node
+
+local box_node = l.Ct('\\' * l.Cg('h' * l.Cc'hlist'
+                                + 'v' * l.Cc'vlist') * 'box'
+                              * hdw
+                              * (', glue set ' * l.Cg('- ' * l.Cc(2) + l.Cc(1), 'glue_sign')
+                                 * l.Cg(scaled/function (s) return s/65536 end, 'glue_set')
+                                 * l.Cg(glue_order, 'glue_order')
+                                 + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_sign') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_set') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_order'))
+                              * l.Cg(', shifted ' * scaled + l.Cc(0), 'shift')) * -1
+
+local fraction_noad = l.Ct('\\fraction, thickness '
+                    * l.Cg('= default' * l.Cc(0x40000000) + scaled, 'width')
+                    * l.Cg(', left-delimiter ' * delimiter_code, 'left')^-1 * l.Cg(', right-delimiter ' * delimiter_code, 'right')^-1
+                    * l.Cg(l.Cc'fraction', 'id'))
+                    * -1
+
+local mathchoice_noad = l.Ct('\\mathchoice' * l.Cg(l.Cc'choice', 'id') * -1)
+
+local mark_whatsit = '\\write' * ('-' + l.R'09'^1) * '{LUAMML_MARK_REF:' * (l.R'09'^1/tonumber) * ':'
+
+local parse_list
+local function parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  local line = lines[i]
+  if not line or line:sub(1, #prefix) ~= prefix then return nil, i end
+  local result = math_char:match(lines[i], #prefix + 1)
+  if result then return result, i+1 end
+  if box_node:match(lines[i], #prefix + 1) then return skip_list(lines, i+1, prefix .. '.') end
+  result, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  return {list = result, id = 'sub_mlist'}, i
+end
+function skip_list(lines, i, prefix)
+  i = i or 1
+  local count = #lines
+  while i <= count and lines[i]:sub(1, #prefix) == prefix do
+    i = i + 1
+  end
+  return {id = 'sub_box', list = {}}, i
+end
+function parse_list(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  i = i or 1
+  prefix = prefix or ''
+  local head, last
+  local mark_environment = {data = parsed,}
+  local current_mark, current_count, current_offset
+  while true do
+    local skip
+    local line = lines[i]
+    if not line or line:sub(1, #prefix) ~= prefix then break end
+    local simple = simple_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+    if simple then
+      simple.nucleus, i = parse_kernel(lines, i + 1, prefix .. '.', parsed)
+      simple.sup, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '^', parsed)
+      simple.sub, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '_', parsed)
+      if last then
+        simple.prev, last.next = last, simple
+      end
+      last = simple
+    else
+      local fraction = fraction_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+      if fraction then
+        fraction.num, i = parse_kernel(lines, i + 1, prefix .. '\\', parsed)
+        fraction.denom, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '/', parsed)
+        if last then
+          fraction.prev, last.next = last, fraction
+        end
+        last = fraction
+      else
+        local mathchoice = mathchoice_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+        if mathchoice then
+          mathchoice.display, i = parse_list(lines, i + 1, prefix .. 'D', parsed)
+          mathchoice.text, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 'T', parsed)
+          mathchoice.script, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 'S', parsed)
+          mathchoice.scriptscript, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 's', parsed)
+          if last then
+            mathchoice.prev, last.next = last, mathchoice
+          end
+          last = mathchoice
+        else
+          skip = true
+          local mark = mark_whatsit:match(line, #prefix+1)
+          if mark then
+            local mark_table = assert(load('return {' .. assert(parsed.marks[mark], 'Undefined mark encountered') .. '}', nil, 't', mark_environment))()
+            if current_mark then
+              if (mark_table.count or 1) > current_count then
+                error'Invalid mark nesting'
+              end
+              -- Ignore new mark if existing mark is evaluated. This should be replaced with proper nesting
+            else
+              current_mark, current_count = mark_table, mark_table.count or 1
+              current_offset = mark_table.offset or current_count
+            end
+            i = i + 1
+          else
+            print(line, prefix, i)
+            print('unknown noad ' .. line:sub(#prefix+1))
+            i = i + 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    if not head then head = last end
+    if not skip and current_mark then
+      current_count = current_count - 1
+      current_offset = current_offset - 1
+      if current_offset == 0 then
+        properties[current_mark.nucleus and last.nucleus or last] = {mathml_core = current_mark.core}
+      else
+        properties[last] = {mathml_core = false}
+      end
+      if current_count == 0 then current_mark = nil end
+    end
+  end
+  return head, i
+end
+return parse_list

pdfmml.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env texlua
+require'pdfmml-emulate-node'
+local convert = require'luamml-convert'
+local mappings = require'luamml-legacy-mappings'
+local to_xml = require'luamml-xmlwriter'
+
+local parse_showlists = require'pdfmml-showlists'
+local parse_log = require'pdfmml-logreader'
+
+local text_families = {}
+
+local attributes = lfs.attributes
+local function try_extensions_(base, extension, ...)
+  if extension == nil then return end
+  local fullname = base .. extension
+  if attributes(fullname, 'mode') == 'file' then
+    return fullname
+  end
+  return try_extensions_(base, ...)
+end
+local function try_extensions(base, ...)
+  if attributes(base, 'mode') == 'file' then return base end
+  return try_extensions_(base, ...)
+end
+
+if #arg < 1 then
+  io.stderr:write(string.format('Usage: %s {logname} [{outname}]\n\z
+    If {outname} includes {}, then a separate file is written for every formula with {} replaced by the formula id.\n', arg[0]))
+  os.exit(1)
+end
+local parsed = assert(parse_log(assert(try_extensions(arg[1], '.tml', '.log'),
+      "Couldn't find input file.")))
+
+for i, inst in ipairs(parsed.instructions) do
+  local _, _, family, mapping_name = inst:find'^REGISTER_MAPPING:([0-9]+):(.*)$'
+  if family then
+    local mapping = mappings[mapping_name]
+    if mapping then
+      convert.register_family(tonumber(family), mapping)
+    else
+      io.stderr:write(string.format('Unknown mapping %s ignored\n', mapping_name))
+    end
+  else
+    io.stderr:write'Unknown instruction ignored\n'
+  end
+end
+
+local out_prefix, out_suffix, out_stream
+if not arg[2] or arg[2] == '-' then
+  out_stream = io.stdout
+else
+  local _ _, _, out_prefix, out_suffix = arg[2]:find'^(.*){}(.*)$'
+  if not out_prefix then
+    out_stream = assert(io.open(arg[2], 'w'))
+  end
+end
+parsed.mathml = {}
+
+local function shallow_copy(t)
+  local new = {}
+  for k, v in next, t do
+    new[k] = v
+  end
+  return new
+end
+
+-- Currently only 3 flag values are supported:
+--   0: Ignore (Doesn't make a lot of sense here)
+--   1: Only save
+--   3: Generate normally
+for i, block in ipairs(parsed.groups) do
+  local flag, tag, label = block.flag, block.tag, block.label
+  block = block[1]
+  if flag & 3 ~= 0 then
+    local style = flag & 16 == 16 and flag>>5 & 0x7 or block.display and 0 or 2
+    local xml = convert.process(parse_showlists(block, nil, nil, parsed), style, text_families)
+    if flag & 2 == 2 then
+      local stream = out_stream or assert(io.open(out_prefix .. tostring(i) .. out_suffix, 'w'))
+      stream:write(to_xml(convert.make_root(shallow_copy(xml), style)), '\n')
+      if not out_stream then stream:close() end
+    end
+    if tag ~= 'mrow' then
+      if xml[0] == 'mrow' then
+        xml[0] = tag
+      else
+        xml = {[0] = tag, xml}
+      end
+    end
+    if (not block.display) and flag & 1 == 1 and label then
+      if parsed.mathml[label] then
+        error'Invalid label reuse'
+      end
+      parsed.mathml[label] = xml
+    end
+  end
+end

support/luamml-algorithm.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+% \newcommand\Luamml{\pkg{Luamml}}
+% \newcommand\luamml{\pkg{luamml}}
+% \newcommand\xmltag[1]{\texttt{<#1>}}
+% \section{\Luamml's representation of XML and MathML}
+% In the following I assume basic familiarity with both Lua\TeX's representation of math noads and MathML.
+% 
+% \subsection{Representation of XML elements}
+% In many places, \luamml\ passes around XML elements. Every element is represented by a Lua table.
+% Element \texttt 0 must always be present and is a string representing the tag name.
+% The positive integer elements of the table represent child elements (either strings for direct text content or nested tables for nested elements).
+% All string members which do not start with a colon are attributes, whose value is the result of applying \texttt{tostring} to the field value.
+% This implies that these values should almost always be strings, except that the value \texttt 0 (since it never needs a unit) can often be set as a number.
+% For example the XML document
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% <math block="display">
+%   <mn>0</mn>
+%   <mo> &lt; </mo>
+%   <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi>
+% </math>
+% \end{verbatim}
+% would be represented by the Lua table
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = "math", block="display",
+%   {[0] = "mn", "0"},
+%   {[0] = "mo", "<"},
+%   {[0] = "mi", mathvariant="normal", "x"}
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+% \subsection{Expression cores}
+% MathML knows the concept of \enquote{embellished operators}:
+% \begin{blockquote}
+%   The precise definition of an \enquote{embellished operator} is:
+%   \begin{itemize}
+%     \item an \xmltag{mo} element;
+%     \item or one of the elements \xmltag{msub}, \xmltag{msup}, \xmltag{msubsup}, \xmltag{munder}, \xmltag{mover}, \xmltag{munderover}, \xmltag{mmultiscripts}, \xmltag{mfrac}, or \xmltag{semantics} (§ 5.1 Annotation Framework), whose first argument exists and is an embellished operator;
+%     \item or one of the elements \xmltag{mstyle}, \xmltag{mphantom}, or \xmltag{mpadded}, such that an mrow containing the same arguments would be an embellished operator;
+%     \item or an \xmltag{maction} element whose selected sub-expression exists and is an embellished operator;
+%     \item or an \xmltag{mrow} whose arguments consist (in any order) of one embellished operator and zero or more space-like elements.
+%   \end{itemize}
+% \end{blockquote}
+% For every embellished operator, MathML calls the \xmltag{mo} element defining the embellished operator the \enquote{core} of the embellished operator.
+% 
+% \Luamml\ makes this slightly more general: Every expression is represented by a pair of two elements: The expression and it's core.
+% The core is always a \xmltag{mo}, \xmltag{mi}, or \xmltag{mn}, \texttt{nil} or s special marker for space like elements.
+% 
+% If and only if the element is a embellished operator the core is a \xmltag{mo} element representing the core of the embellished operator.
+% The core is a \xmltag{mi} or a \xmltag{mn} element if and only if the element would be an embellished operator with this core if this element where a \xmltag{mo} element.
+% The core is the special space like marker for space like elements. Otherwise the core is \texttt{nil}.
+% 
+% \subsection{Translation of math noads}
+% A math lists can contain the following node types: noad, fence, fraction, radical, accent, style, choice, ins, mark, adjust, boundary, whatsit, penalty, disc, glue, and kern. The \enquote{noads}
+% 
+% \subsubsection{Translation of kernel noads}
+% The math noads of this list contain nested kernel noads. So in the first step, we look into how kernel nodes are translated to math nodes.
+% 
+% \paragraph{\texttt{math_char} kernel noads}
+% First the family and character value in the \texttt{math_char} are used to lookup the Unicode character value of this \texttt{math_char}.
+% (For \texttt{unicode-math}, this is usually just the character value. Legacy maths has to be remapped based on the family.)
+% Then there are two cases: The digits \texttt{0} to \texttt{9} are mapped to \xmltag{mn} elements, everything else becomes a \xmltag{mi} element with \texttt{mathvariant} set to \texttt{normal}.
+% (The \texttt{mathvariant} value might get suppressed if the character defaults to mathvariant \texttt{normal}.)
+% In either case, the \texttt{tex:family} attribute is set to the family number if it's not \texttt{0}.
+% 
+% The core is always set to the expression itself. E.g.\ the \texttt{math_char} kernel noad \verb+\fam3 a+ would become (assuming no remapping for this family)
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = 'mi',
+%   mathvariant = 'normal',
+%   ["tex:family"] = 3,
+%   "a"
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{sub_box} kernel noads}
+% I am open to suggestions how to convert them properly.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{sub_mlist} kernel noads}
+% The inner list is converted as a \xmltag{mrow} element, with the core being the core of the \xmltag{mrow} element. See the rules for this later.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{delim} kernel noads}
+% If the \texttt{small_char} is zero, these get converted as space like elements of the form
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = 'mspace',
+%   width = '1.196pt',
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% where 1.196 is replaced by the current value of \verb+\nulldelimiterspace+ converted to \texttt{bp}.
+% 
+% Otherwise the same rules as for \texttt{math_char} apply,
+% except that instead of \texttt{mi} or \xmltag{mn} elements,
+% \texttt{mo} elements are generated,
+% \texttt{mathvariant} is never set,
+% \texttt{stretchy} is set to \texttt{true} if the operator is not on the list of default stretchy operators in the MathML specification 
+% nd \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} attributes are set to zero.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{acc} kernel noads}
+% Depending on the surrounding element containing the \texttt{acc} kernel noad, it is either stretchy or not.
+% If it's stretchy, the same rules as for \texttt{delim} apply, except that \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} are not set.
+% Otherwise the \texttt{stretchy} attribute is set to false if the operator is on the list of default stretchy operators.

test_tex.tex

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{luamml}
-\usepackage{amsmath,array}
-
-\usepackage{unicode-math}
-%% Uncomment the following lines when used without unicode-math
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}
-
-\ExplSyntaxOn
-\tracingmathml=2
-\pdfvariable compresslevel=0
-\cs_new_protected:Npn \ShowMathMLObj {
-  \message { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}~0~R }
-}
-\ExplSyntaxOff
-
-\begin{document}
-\[
-  \begin{pmatrix}
-    1 & 0 & 0 \\
-    0 & 1 & 0 \\
-    0 & 0 & 1
-  \end{pmatrix}
-  =
-  \begin{cases}
-    1 & $if $a=b\\
-    2 & $else$
-  \end{cases}
-\]
-\[
-  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
-\]
-\[
-  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
-\]
-
-\begin{align}
-  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
-  1+2&=3\\
-  5
-\end{align}
-
-Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
-\end{document}

testfiles-lua/cases.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mi>𝑏</mi>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>if&#160; 
+            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+              <mi>𝑎</mi>
+              <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+              <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            </math></mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>else</mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="1.196pt" />
+  </mrow>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mfrac>
+    <mrow>
+      <mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+      <mi>𝑏</mi>
+      <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
+      <msqrt>
+        <mrow>
+          <msup>
+            <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </msup>
+          <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+          <mn>4</mn>
+          <mi>𝑎</mi>
+          <mi>𝑐</mi>
+        </mrow>
+      </msqrt>
+    </mrow>
+    <mrow>
+      <mn>2</mn>
+      <mi>𝑎</mi>
+    </mrow>
+  </mfrac>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <munder>
+    <mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
+    <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  </munder>
+  <munder>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mo>_</mo>
+  </munder>
+  <mover>
+    <mi>𝑏</mi>
+    <mo stretchy="true">.</mo>
+  </mover>
+  <msup>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
+  </msup>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/cases.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+\[
+  \left(\begin{matrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{matrix}\right)
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \mbox{if $a=b$}\\
+    2 & \mbox{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_end_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt-xml.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <msqrt>
+    <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  </msqrt>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <msqrt>
+    <msqrt>
+      <mi>𝑥</mi>
+    </msqrt>
+  </msqrt>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <msqrt>
+    <mroot>
+      <msup>
+        <mi>𝑦</mi>
+        <mn>2</mn>
+      </msup>
+      <mn>3</mn>
+    </mroot>
+  </msqrt>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mroot>
+    <mi>𝑦</mi>
+    <mn>3</mn>
+  </mroot>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt-xml.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+$ \sqrt{x} $
+
+$ \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + 2 $
+
+$ x = \sqrt{\sqrt[3]{y^2}} $
+
+$\sqrt[3]{y}$
+\end{document}
+
+

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt.pvt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\sys_gset_rand_seed:n{42}
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,math,table},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/structelem,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+
+$ \sqrt{x} $
+
+$ \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + 2 $
+
+$ x = \sqrt{\sqrt[3]{y^2}} $
+
+$\sqrt[3]{y}$
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt.tpf

@@ -0,0 +1,990 @@
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+%ÌÕÁÔÅØÐÄÆ
+22 0 obj
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+stream
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+endstream
+endobj
+23 0 obj
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+    xmlns:pdf="http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/"
+    xmlns:xmpRights="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/"
+    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
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testfiles-lua/test_struct.pvt

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+\sys_gset_rand_seed:n{42}
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,math,table},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/structelem,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+
+hello
+
+\[
+  \begin{pmatrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{pmatrix}
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \text{if $a=b$} \\
+    2 & \text{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+\begin{align}
+  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+  5
+\end{align}
+
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_structnum.pvt

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+ lang=en,
+ testphase={phase-III,math},
+ pdfversion=2.0,
+ pdfstandard=ua-2,
+ pdfstandard=a-4f,
+ uncompress
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+% suppress writing of luamml-mathml
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/luamml/write=false} %
+
+% suppress mathml-AF reading
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/sources=} %
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/AF=false,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+
+\luamml_structelem:
+$a = b \quad
+ \tagstructbegin{tag=mtext,stash}\tagmcbegin{}
+ \luamml_annotate:en{nucleus=true,structnum=\tag_get:n{struct_num}}
+  {\mbox{some~text~with~\emph{structure}}}
+ \tagmcend\tagstructend 
+$
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\end{document}
+

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testfiles-lua/test_xml.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mi>𝑏</mi>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>if&#160; 
+            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+              <mi>𝑎</mi>
+              <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+              <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            </math></mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>else</mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="1.196pt" />
+  </mrow>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mfrac>
+    <mrow>
+      <mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+      <mi>𝑏</mi>
+      <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
+      <msqrt>
+        <mrow>
+          <msup>
+            <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </msup>
+          <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+          <mn>4</mn>
+          <mi>𝑎</mi>
+          <mi>𝑐</mi>
+        </mrow>
+      </msqrt>
+    </mrow>
+    <mrow>
+      <mn>2</mn>
+      <mi>𝑎</mi>
+    </mrow>
+  </mfrac>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <munder>
+    <mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
+    <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  </munder>
+  <munder>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mo>_</mo>
+  </munder>
+  <mover>
+    <mi>𝑏</mi>
+    <mo stretchy="true">.</mo>
+  </mover>
+  <msup>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
+  </msup>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mtable class="align" columnalign="left right left right left" columnspacing="0 0 .8em 0" displaystyle="true" intent=":system-of-equations">
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mi>𝑎</mi>
+        <mi>𝑏</mi>
+        <mi>𝑐</mi>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+        <mi>𝑑</mi>
+        <mi>𝑒</mi>
+        <mi>𝑓</mi>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd>
+        <msup>
+          <mi>𝑒</mi>
+          <mrow>
+            <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+            <mi>𝜋</mi>
+          </mrow>
+        </msup>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">=</mo>
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">−</mo>
+        <mn>1</mn>
+      </mtd>
+    </mtr>
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+        <mn>1</mn>
+        <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+        <mn>2</mn>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+        <mn>3</mn>
+        <mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+    </mtr>
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mn>5</mn>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+    </mtr>
+  </mtable>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/test_xml.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+\[
+  \begin{pmatrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{pmatrix}
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \text{if $a=b$}\\
+    2 & \text{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+\begin{align}
+  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+  5
+\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+
+\end{document}

testfiles-pdf/test.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">∅</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">⊧</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑝</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑟</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑝</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑟</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-pdf/test.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{luamml-demo}
+
+\begin{document}
+\[
+  \emptyset\models((p\Rightarrow q)\Rightarrow(q\Rightarrow r))\Rightarrow (p\Rightarrow (q\Rightarrow r))
+  \WriteoutFormula
+\]
+
+%\begin{align}
+%  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+%  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+%  &4\\
+%  5
+%\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0\WriteoutFormula$.
+\end{document}
+

testfiles-pdf/test_pdf.txr

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:2:oms
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:1:oml
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:3:omx
+LUAMML_MARK:1:count=3,nucleus=true,core={[0]='mi','\u{22a7}'},
+LUAMML_MARK_END
+LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:1:3:mrow:
+
+
+
+### display math mode entered at line 6
+\mathord
+.\fam2 ;
+\write3{LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:}
+\mathrel
+.\fam2 j
+\mathrel
+.\mkern-3.0mu
+\mathrel
+.\fam0 =
+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathord
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+\mathrel
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+\mathord
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+\mathclose
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+\mathopen
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+\mathord
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+\mathord
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+\mathclose
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+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathord
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+\mathopen
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+\mathord
+.\fam1 q
+\mathrel
+.\fam2 )
+\mathord
+.\fam1 r
+\mathclose
+.\fam0 )
+\mathclose
+.\fam0 )
+
+### vertical mode entered at line 0
+### current page:
+\write-{}
+\glue(\topskip) 10.0
+\hbox(0.0+0.0)x345.0, glue set 330.0fil
+.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x15.0
+.\penalty 10000
+.\glue(\parfillskip) 0.0 plus 1.0fil
+.\glue(\rightskip) 0.0
+
+total height 10.0
+ goal height 550.0
+
+prevdepth 0.0, prevgraf 1 line
+
+
+! OK
+LUAMML_FORMULA_END
+LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:2:3:mrow:
+
+
+
+### math mode entered at line 18
+\mathop\nolimits
+.\kern 0.0
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 s
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 i
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 n
+\mathopen
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+\mathclose
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+\mathop\nolimits
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+\mathord
+.\fam1 ^^Y
+\mathclose
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+\mathrel
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+\mathord
+.\fam0 0
+
+### horizontal mode entered at line 18
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+\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 s
+\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.11111
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+\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.11111
+
+spacefactor 1000
+### vertical mode entered at line 0
+### current page:
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+\glue(\topskip) 10.0
+\hbox(0.0+0.0)x345.0, glue set 330.0fil
+.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x15.0
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+\hbox(7.5+2.5)x185.77597, shifted 79.61201, display
+.\OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 ;
+.\write3{LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:}
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+.\OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 j
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+\penalty 0
+\glue(\belowdisplayshortskip) 6.0 plus 3.0 minus 3.0
+\glue(\parskip) 0.0 plus 1.0
+\glue(\parskip) 0.0
+
+total height 30.5 plus 7.0 minus 3.0
+ goal height 550.0
+
+prevdepth 2.5
+
+
+! OK
+LUAMML_FORMULA_END
+LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:
+

testfiles-pdf/test_pdf.xrt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{luamml-demo}
+
+\begin{document}
+\[
+  \emptyset\models((p\Rightarrow q)\Rightarrow(q\Rightarrow r))\Rightarrow (p\Rightarrow (q\Rightarrow r))
+  \WriteoutFormula
+\]
+
+%\begin{align}
+%  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+%  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+%  &4\\
+%  5
+%\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0\WriteoutFormula$.
+\end{document}
+