Add license to README

Align attributes

.github/actions/ctan-upload/action.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+name: CTAN upload
+
+inputs:
+  filename:
+    required: true
+  dry-run:
+    required: true
+  uploader:
+    required: true
+  email:
+    required: true
+  version:
+    required: false
+    default: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+
+runs:
+  using: composite
+  steps:
+    - name: Send to CTAN
+      uses: zauguin/ctan-upload@v0.1
+      with:
+        package-name: luamml
+        version: ${{ inputs.version }}
+        author: 'Marcel Krüger, LaTeX Project Team'
+        uploader: ${{ inputs.uploader }}
+        email: ${{ inputs.email }}
+        license: lppl1.3c
+        summary: "Automatically generate MathML from LuaLaTeX math mode material"
+        ctan-path: /macros/luatex/latex/luamml
+        support: https://github.com/latex3/luamml/issues
+        update: true
+        topic: maths,luatex
+        description: |
+          LuaMML is an experimental package to automatically generate a MathML representation of mathematical expessions written in LuaLaTeX documents. These MathML representations can be used for improving accessibility or to ease conversion into new output formats like HTML.
+        filename: ${{ inputs.filename }}
+        dry-run: ${{ inputs.dry-run }}
+        # announcement-filename: ctan.ann
+        note: Uploaded automatically by GitHub Actions.

.github/tl_packages

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+scheme-minimal latex-bin l3build
+#Proudly generated by the Island of TeX's DEPendency Printer https://gitlab.com/islandoftex/texmf/depp
+alphalph
+amsfonts
+amsmath
+bigintcalc
+bitset
+bookmark
+booktabs
+cm
+colortbl
+csquotes
+enumitem
+etoolbox
+fancyvrb
+firstaid
+fontspec
+gettitlestring
+graphics
+graphics-cfg
+graphics-def
+hologo
+hycolor
+hypdoc
+hyperref
+iftex
+infwarerr
+intcalc
+knuth-lib
+kvdefinekeys
+kvoptions
+kvsetkeys
+l3backend
+l3build
+l3kernel
+l3packages
+l3experimental
+latex
+latex-fonts
+latex-lab
+lm
+lm-math
+ltxcmds
+luacolor
+lualatex-math
+pdfescape
+pdfmanagement-testphase
+pdftexcmds
+psnfss
+refcount
+rerunfilecheck
+stringenc
+symbol
+tagpdf
+tools
+underscore
+unicode-math
+uniquecounter
+url
+zapfding

.github/workflows/deploy.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  # Only triggers for new tags
+  push:
+    tags: "*"
+
+jobs:
+  # Mostly the same as the main.yaml workflow, but we only use a single job
+  l3build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      # Boilerplate
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: sudo apt-get install tidy
+      - name: Install TeX Live
+        uses: zauguin/install-texlive@v3
+        with:
+          # Here we use the same list of packages as in the testing workflow.
+          package_file: .github/tl_packages
+      - name: Run l3build
+        run: l3build ctan -H --show-log-on-error
+      - name: Upload package artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+          path: |
+            build/distrib/ctan/*.zip
+            ctan.ann
+      - name: Validate CTAN package
+        uses: ./.github/actions/ctan-upload
+        with:
+          uploader: Dummy Name
+          email: dryrun@example.com
+          filename: "build/distrib/ctan/luamml-ctan.zip"
+          dry-run: true
+
+  github:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs:
+      - l3build
+    steps:
+      - name: Download package artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+      - name: Create GitHub release
+        uses: ncipollo/release-action@2c591bcc8ecdcd2db72b97d6147f871fcd833ba5
+        id: release
+        with:
+          artifacts: "build/distrib/ctan/*.zip"
+          prerelease: ${{ endsWith(github.ref, '-dev') }}
+          token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          # bodyFile: ctan.ann
+
+  ctan-upload:
+    if: "${{ !endsWith(github.ref, '-dev') }}"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    environment: CTAN
+    needs:
+      - l3build
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          sparse-checkout: .github
+      - name: Download package artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Package
+      - name: Upload CTAN package
+        uses: ./.github/actions/ctan-upload
+        with:
+          uploader: ${{ secrets.CTAN_NAME }}
+          email: ${{ secrets.CTAN_EMAIL }}
+          filename: "build/distrib/ctan/luamml-ctan.zip"
+          dry-run: false

.github/workflows/main.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+name: Automated testing
+
+# Currently we run in two situations:
+on:
+  # Whenever someone pushes to a branch or tag in our repo
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - "*"
+  # Whenever a pull request is opened, reopened or gets new commits.
+  pull_request:
+# This implies that for every push to a local branch in our repo for which a
+# pull request is open this runs twice. But it's important to ensure that pull
+# requests get tested even if their branch comes from a fork.
+
+jobs:
+  l3build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        kind: [doc, test]
+    name: "${{ format('{0}', matrix.kind == 'doc' && 'Documentation' || 'Test suite') }}"
+    steps:
+      # Boilerplate
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: sudo apt-get install tidy
+      - name: Install TeX Live
+        uses: zauguin/install-texlive@v3
+        with:
+          # The list of packages to install is in a separate file under .github/tl_packages
+          # to allow reuse.
+          package_file: .github/tl_packages
+          cache_version: 0
+      - name: Run l3build
+        run: ${{ format('l3build {0} -q -H', matrix.kind == 'doc' && 'doc' || 'check --show-log-on-error') }}
+      # Now we create the artifacts: There are two cases where this happens.
+      # 1. If we failed running tests
+      - name: Archive failed test output
+        if: ${{ matrix.kind == 'test' && always() }}
+        uses: zauguin/l3build-failure-artifacts@v1
+        with:
+          name: testfiles-${{ matrix.platform }}
+          # Decide how long to keep the test output artifact:
+          retention-days: 3
+      # 2. If we succeed building documentation
+      - name: Archive documentation
+        if: ${{ matrix.kind == 'doc' && success() }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: Documentation
+          path: "**/*.pdf"
+          # Decide how long to keep the test output artifact:
+          retention-days: 21

.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/build/
+*.aux
+*.log
+*.pdf
+*.xml

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Changelog
+All notable changes to the `luamml` package since the
+2025-02-17 will be documented in this file.
+
+The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
+this project uses date-based 'snapshot' version identifiers.
+
+## [Unreleased]
+
+ - Ulrike Fischer, 2025-03-06
+ * add class attribute to math environments
+ * correct columnalign (take label column into account)
+ * add intent :continued-row in split enviroment
+ * add intent :system-of-equations to environments
+ * temporary patch to \common@align@ending to store the environment name
+ * start some debugging functions (variable debugmtable)
+ * correct columnspacing
+ * add intent :pause-medium between columns
+  
+## 2025-02-21
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2025-02-21
+  * change intent :equationlabel to :equation-label and 
+  :noequationlabel to :no-equation-label
+  
+
+## 2025-02-17
+
+### Changed
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2025-02-17
+  * moved all patches into latex-lab
+  * added sockets to luamml.dtx
+  * changed handling of tags/labels: empty tags produces a row too and have an intent
+  * corrected small bugs 
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-11-29
+  luamml-structelemwriter.lua: moved the actualtext for e.g. stretched braces from the structure element to the mc-chunk.
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-03-03
+  luamml.dtx: add plug for mbox socket to correctly annotate them in math.
+
+- Ulrike Fischer, 2024-11-29
+  luamml-structelemwriter.lua: use structnum instead of label when stashing. 

README.md

@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-# Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
-**Highly experimental! At this point all interfaces may change without prior warning and many features aren't implemented yet. It is not ready for anything beyond simple experiments.**
-
+# LuaMML: Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
 This is an attempt to implement automatic conversion of LuaLaTeX inline and display math expressions into MathML code to aid with tagging.
 It works best with `unicode-math`, but it can also be used with traditional math fonts if mappings to Unicode are provided.
 
 ## Installation
 Run `l3build install` to install `luamml` into your local `texmf` tree.
 
-## Demo
-Run `lualatex test_tex` to see all equations from [our example file](./test_tex.tex) converted into MathML. 
+## Usage
+Add `\usepackage[tracing]{luamml-demo}` to print MathML to the terminal or `\usepackage[files]{luamml-demo}` to generate separate files with MathML output.
+Alternatively it can be used with latex-lab to automatically integrate with tagging infrastucture.
 
-To test it on your own files, add `\usepackage{luamml}` and `\tracingmathml=2` to your preamble.
-Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex).
+## License
+LuaMML may be modified and distributed under the terms of the [LaTeX Project Public License](https://www.latex-project.org/lppl/), version 1.3c or greater.
+It is written by Marcel Krüger and the LaTeX Project Team.
+<!-- Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex). -->
+
+<!-- If you are very brave you can also try running `pdflatex test_pdf` and afterwards run `./pdfmml.lua test_pdf.lua` to get pdflatex formulas converted. -->

build.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
 module = "luamml"
 
-tdsroot = "lualatex"
+tdsroot      = "lualatex"
 installfiles = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty" }
-stdengine     = "luatex"
-checkengines  = {"luatex"}
-sourcefiles  = installfiles
+sourcefiles  = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty", "*.dtx" }
+typesetsuppfiles = { "*.tex" }
+typesetsourcefiles = { "*.tex" }
+stdengine    = "luatex"
+unpackfiles  = { "*.dtx" }
+typesetexe   = "lualatex"
+
+checkconfigs = {
+  'config-lua',
+  'config-pdf',
+}

config-lua.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+testfiledir  = "testfiles-lua"
+checkengines = {"luatex"}
+stdengine     = "luatex"
+checkruns    = 3
+
+test_types = test_types or {}
+test_types.mml = {
+  test = '.mlt',
+  generated = '.mml',
+  reference = '.mlr',
+  expectation = '.mle',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    return os.execute(string.format('tidy -xml -indent -wrap -quiet --output-file "%s" "%s"', result, source))
+  end,
+}
+
+test_order = {'log', 'pdf', 'mml'}

config-pdf.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+testfiledir  = "testfiles-pdf"
+checkengines = {"pdftex"}
+stdengine     = "pdftex"
+checkruns    = 3
+
+test_types = test_types or {}
+test_types.tml = {
+  test = '.xrt',
+  generated = '.tml',
+  reference = '.txr',
+  expectation = '.xre',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    local file = assert(io.open(source,"rb"))
+    local content = string.gsub(file:read("*all") .. "\n","\r\n","\n")
+    file:close()
+    local new_content = content
+    -- local new_content = processor(content,...)
+    local newfile = io.open(result,"w")
+    newfile:write(new_content)
+    newfile:close()
+  end,
+}
+test_types.mml = {
+  test = '.mlt',
+  generated = '.tml',
+  reference = '.mlr',
+  expectation = '.mle',
+  rewrite = function(source, result, engine, errlevels)
+    return os.execute(string.format('texlua pdfmml.lua "%s" | tidy -xml -indent -wrap -quiet --output-file "%s" -', source, result))
+  end,
+}
+
+test_order = {'log', 'pdf', 'tml', 'mml'}

luamml-amsmath.lua

@@ -3,11 +3,30 @@ local make_root = require'luamml-convert'.make_root
 local save_result = require'luamml-tex'.save_result
 local store_column = require'luamml-table'.store_column
 local store_tag = require'luamml-table'.store_tag
+local store_notag = require'luamml-table'.store_notag
 local get_table = require'luamml-table'.get_table
+local set_row_attribute = require'luamml-table'.set_row_attribute
 local to_text = require'luamml-lr'
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
+local math_t = node.id'math'
+
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_add_last_to_row:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_add_last_to_row:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  -- TODO: Error handling etc
+  -- local box = token.scan_int()
+  local nest = tex.nest.top
+  local head, startmath = nest.head, nest.tail
+  repeat
+    startmath = startmath.prev
+  until startmath == head or (startmath.id == math_t and startmath.subtype == 0)
+  if startmath == head then return end
+  assert(startmath.id == node.id"math")
+  store_column(startmath)
+end
+
 local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:', funcid, 'protected')
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
@@ -15,24 +34,139 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- local box = token.scan_int()
   local boxnum = 0
   local startmath = tex.box[boxnum].list
-  assert(startmath.id == node.id"math")
-  store_column(startmath, true)
+  assert(startmath.id == math_t)
+  store_column(startmath)
 end
 
-funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:'
-token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:', funcid)
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_set_row_columnalign:n'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_set_row_columnalign:n', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  set_row_attribute('columnalign', token.scan_argument())
+end
+
+-- This function is used to add a intent :continued-row to
+-- rows of a split environment.
+-- we assume that the table is a mtable with mrow with mtd. 
+-- we check row 2..n. If the first cell has only one element and
+-- for this element 'tex:ignore' has been set, we assume a continued row and
+-- set the intent on the mrow.
+local function add_intent_continued_row (table)
+  for index,rowtable in ipairs(table) do
+   if table[index][1] and table[index][1][1] then -- just for safety ...
+     if index > 1 and #table[index][1]==1 and table[index][1][1]['tex:ignore'] then
+      table[index]['intent']=':continued-row'
+     end
+   end
+  end
+end
+
+-- This function add an intent =":pause-medium" on every second mtd in a table
+-- currently it is also on the first (after the label) but this could be changed
+-- used in __luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n for 
+-- 'align' or 'alignat' or 'flalign' or  'xalignat' or 'xxalignat'
+local function add_intent_pause (mmltable)
+  for mtrindex,mtrtable in ipairs(mmltable) do
+    for mtdindex,mtdtable in ipairs(mtrtable) do
+      if (mtdindex % 2 == 0) then
+       mtdtable['intent']=':pause-medium'
+      end 
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+
+-- debug function for tables
+-- activate with \directlua{debugmtable=2} or \directlua{debugmtable='split'}
+local function debug_mtable (mtable,kind)
+ if debugmtable and (debugmtable==2) or (debugmtable==kind) then
+   texio.write_nl('==============')
+   texio.write_nl(kind)
+   texio.write_nl(table.serialize(mtable))
+   texio.write_nl('==============')
+ end
+end
+
+do
+  local saved
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_save_inner_table:n'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_save_inner_table:n', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local kind = token.scan_argument()
+    kind = kind:gsub("*","")
+    local mml_table = get_table()
+    if not mml_table then return end
+    mml_table.displaystyle = true
+    mml_table.class=kind
+    if kind=="split" then
+     add_intent_continued_row (mml_table)
+    end
+    local columns = node.count(node.id'align_record', tex.lists.align_head)//2
+    mml_table.columnalign = kind == 'gathered' and 'center' or string.rep('right left', columns, ' ')
+    local spacing = {}
+    for n in node.traverse_id(node.id'glue', tex.lists.align_head) do
+      spacing[#spacing+1] = n.width == 0 and '0' or string.format('%.3fpt', n.width/65781.76)
+    end
+    mml_table.columnspacing = #spacing > 3 and table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2) or nil
+    debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
+    saved = mml_table
+  end
+
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_save_smallmatrix:'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_save_smallmatrix:', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local mml_table = get_table()
+    mml_table.align = 'axis'
+    mml_table.class='smallmatrix'
+    mml_table.columnalign = 'center'
+    mml_table.columnspacing = '0.278em'
+    mml_table.rowspacing = string.format('%.3fpt', tex.lineskip.width/65781.76)
+    saved = {[0] = 'mpadded', width = '+0.333em', lspace = '0.167em', mml_table}
+    debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
+    saved = mml_table
+  end
+
+  funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_inner_table:'
+  token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_inner_table:', funcid)
+  lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+    -- TODO: Error handling etc
+    local vcenter = tex.nest.top.tail.nucleus
+    local props = properties[vcenter]
+    if not props then
+      props = {}
+      properties[vcenter] = props
+    end
+    props.mathml_table = assert(saved)
+    saved = nil
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n', funcid)
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- TODO: Error handling etc
+  local kind = token.scan_argument()
+  kind = kind:gsub("*","")
   local mml_table = get_table()
   if not mml_table then return end
   mml_table.displaystyle = true
+  mml_table.class=kind
+  -- this should perhaps be configurable and extendable
+  if kind == 'align' or 'alignat' or 'flalign' or  'xalignat' or 'xxalignat' then
+   mml_table.intent=":system-of-equations"
+   add_intent_pause (mml_table)
+  end
   local columns = node.count(node.id'align_record', tex.lists.align_head)//2
-  mml_table.columnalign = string.rep('right left', columns, ' ')
+  mml_table.columnalign = kind == 'align' and 'left '..string.rep('right left', columns, ' ') or nil
+  mml_table.width = kind == 'multline' and '100%' or nil
+  -- mml_table.side = kind == 'multline' and 'rightoverlap' or nil
   local spacing = {}
   for n in node.traverse_id(node.id'glue', tex.lists.align_head) do
     spacing[#spacing+1] = n.width == 0 and '0' or '.8em'
   end
-  mml_table.columnspacing = table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2)
+  mml_table.columnspacing = #spacing > 3 and "0 "..table.concat(spacing, ' ', 2, #spacing-2) or nil
+  debug_mtable(mml_table,kind)
   save_result(mml_table, true)
 end
 
@@ -50,9 +184,9 @@ funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:', funcid, 'protected')
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   if not last_tag then
-    texio.write_nl'WARNING: Tag extraction failed'
-    return
+    store_notag({[0] = 'mtd',''})
+  else
+    store_tag({[0] = 'mtd', last_tag})
+    last_tag = nil
   end
-  store_tag({[0] = 'mtd', last_tag})
-  last_tag = nil
 end

luamml-array.lua

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ end
 
 local saved_array
 
-funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_array_finalize_array:'
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_array_save_array:'
 token.set_lua('__luamml_array_save_array:', funcid)
 lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   -- TODO: Error handling etc.

luamml-convert.lua

@@ -11,7 +11,86 @@ local radical_t, fraction_t, fence_t = node.id'radical', node.id'fraction', node
 
 local math_char_t, sub_box_t, sub_mlist_t = node.id'math_char', node.id'sub_box', node.id'sub_mlist'
 
-local noad_sub = node.subtypes'noad'
+local function invert_table(t)
+  local t_inv = {}
+  for k, v in next, t do
+    t_inv[v] = k
+  end
+  return t_inv
+end
+
+local noad_names = node.subtypes'noad'
+
+--[[ We could determine the noad subtypes dynamically:
+local noad_sub = invert_table(noad_names)
+local noad_ord = noad_sub.ord
+local noad_op = noad_sub.opdisplaylimits
+local noad_oplimits = noad_sub.oplimits
+local noad_opnolimits = noad_sub.opnolimits
+local noad_bin = noad_sub.bin
+local noad_rel = noad_sub.rel
+local noad_open = noad_sub.open
+local noad_close = noad_sub.close
+local noad_punct = noad_sub.punct
+local noad_inner = noad_sub.inner
+local noad_under = noad_sub.under
+local noad_over = noad_sub.over
+local noad_vcenter = noad_sub.vcenter
+-- But the spacing table depends on their specific values anyway, so we just verify the values
+]]
+local noad_ord, noad_op, noad_oplimits, noad_opnolimits = 0, 1, 2, 3
+local noad_bin, noad_rel, noad_open, noad_close, noad_punct = 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
+local noad_inner, noad_under, noad_over, noad_vcenter = 9, 10, 11, 12
+
+for i, n in ipairs{'ord', 'opdisplaylimits', 'oplimits', 'opnolimits', 'bin',
+    'rel', 'open', 'close', 'punct', 'inner', 'under', 'over', 'vcenter'} do
+  assert(noad_names[i-1] == n)
+end
+-- Attention, the spacing_table is indexed by subtype+1 since 1-based tables are faster in Lua
+local spacing_table = {
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  {'0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', nil      , nil      , '0.222em', nil      , nil      , '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', '0.222em', },
+  {'0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', nil      , 0        , '0.278em', 0        , 0        , '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', '0.278em', },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.222em', '0.278em', '0.167em', 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  nil,
+}
+local spacing_table_script = {
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {'0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , nil      , 0        , nil      , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , nil      , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  {0        , '0.167em', '0.167em', '0.167em', 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , 0        , },
+  nil,
+  nil,
+  nil,
+}
+do -- Fill the blanks
+  local st, sts = spacing_table, spacing_table_script
+
+  local st_op, sts_op = st[noad_op+1], sts[noad_op+1]
+  st[noad_oplimits+1], sts[noad_oplimits+1] = st_op, sts_op
+  st[noad_opnolimits+1], sts[noad_opnolimits+1] = st_op, sts_op
+
+  local st_ord, sts_ord = st[noad_ord+1], sts[noad_ord+1]
+  st[noad_under+1], sts[noad_under+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+  st[noad_over+1], sts[noad_over+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+  st[noad_vcenter+1], sts[noad_vcenter+1] = st_ord, sts_ord
+end
+
+
 local radical_sub = node.subtypes'radical'
 local fence_sub = node.subtypes'fence'
 
@@ -25,8 +104,13 @@ local digit_map = {["0"] = true, ["1"] = true,
      ["5"] = true, ["6"] = true, ["7"] = true,
      ["8"] = true, ["9"] = true,}
 
--- Two marker tables. They are used instead of an embellished operator to mark space-like or user provided constructs
-local user_provided, space_like = {}, {}
+local always_mo = {["%"] = true, ["&"] = true, ["."] = true, ["/"] = true,
+    ["\\"] = true, ["¬"] = true, ["′"] = true, ["″"] = true, ["‴"] = true,
+    ["⁗"] = true, ["‵"] = true, ["‶"] = true, ["‷"] = true, ["|"] = true,
+    ["∀"] = true, ["∁"] = true, ["∃"] = true,  ["∂"] = true, ["∄"] = true,}
+
+-- Marker tables replacing the core operator for space like elements
+local space_like = {}
 
 local nodes_to_table
 
@@ -35,47 +119,71 @@ local function sup_style(s) return s//4*2+4+s%2 end
 
 -- The _to_table functions generally return a second argument which is
 -- could be (if it were a <mo>) a core operator of the embellishe operator
--- or space_like/user_provided
+-- or space_like
 -- acc_to_table is special since it's return value should
 -- always be considered a core operator
 
 -- We ignore large_... since they aren't used for modern fonts
 local function delim_to_table(delim)
   if not delim then return end
-  local props = properties[delim] props = props and props.mathml_table
-  if props then return props end
+  local props = properties[delim]
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local char = delim.small_char
   if char == 0 then
-    return {[0] = 'mspace', width = string.format("%.3fpt", tex.nulldelimiterspace/65781.76)}, space_like
+    local result = {[0] = 'mspace', width = string.format("%.3fpt", tex.nulldelimiterspace/65781.76)}
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, space_like)
+    else
+      return result, space_like
+    end
   else
     local fam = delim.small_fam
     char = remap_lookup[fam << 21 | char]
-    local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = not stretchy[char] or nil }
-    return result, result
+    local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = not stretchy[char] or nil, lspace = 0, rspace = 0, [':nodes'] = {delim}, [':actual'] = char}
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
+    else
+      return result, result
+    end
   end
 end
 
--- Like kernel_to_table but always a math_char_t. Also creating a mo and potentially remapping to handle combining chars
+-- Like kernel_to_table but always a math_char_t. Also creating a mo and potentially remapping to handle combining chars.
+-- No lspace or space is set here since these never appear as core operators in an mrow.
 local function acc_to_table(acc, cur_style, stretch)
   if not acc then return end
-  local props = properties[acc] props = props and props.mathml_table
-  if props then return props end
+  local props = properties[acc]
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
   if acc.id ~= math_char_t then
     error'confusion'
   end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local fam = acc.fam
   local char = remap_lookup[fam << 21 | acc.char]
   char = remap_comb[char] or char
   if stretch ~= not stretchy[char] then -- Handle nil gracefully in stretchy
     stretch = nil
   end
-  return {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = stretch}
+  local result = {[0] = 'mo', char, ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil, stretchy = stretch, [':nodes'] = {acc}, [':actual'] = stretch and char or nil}
+  if mathml_filter then
+    return mathml_filter(result)
+  else
+    return result
+  end
 end
 
-local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style)
+local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style, text_families)
   if not kernel then return end
-  local props = properties[kernel] props = props and props.mathml_table
-  if props then return props, user_provided end
+  local props = properties[kernel]
+  local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+  local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+  if mathml_table ~= nil then return mathml_table, mathml_core end
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter -- Kind of pointless since the arguments are literals, but present for consistency
   local id = kernel.id
   if id == math_char_t then
     local fam = kernel.fam
@@ -84,27 +192,40 @@ local function kernel_to_table(kernel, cur_style)
     local result = {[0] = elem,
       char,
       ['tex:family'] = fam ~= 0 and fam or nil,
-      mathvariant = utf8.len(char) == 1 and elem == 'mi' and utf8.codepoint(char) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
+      mathvariant = utf8.len(char) == 1 and elem == 'mi' and utf8.codepoint(char) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil,
+      [':nodes'] = {kernel},
     }
-    return result, result
-  elseif id == sub_box_t then
-    if kernel.list.id == hlist_t then -- We directly give up for vlists
-      local result = to_text(kernel.list.head)
-      return result, result
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
+    else
+      return result, result
+    end
+  elseif id == sub_box_t then
+    local result
+    if kernel.list.id == hlist_t then -- We directly give up for vlists
+      result = to_text(kernel.list.head)
+    else
+      result = {[0] = 'mi', {[0] = 'mglyph', ['tex:box'] = kernel.list, [':nodes'] = {kernel}}}
+    end
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(result, result)
     else
-      local result = {[0] = 'mi', {[0] = 'mglyph', ['tex:box'] = kernel.list}}
       return result, result
     end
   elseif id == sub_mlist_t then
-    return nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style)
+    if mathml_filter then
+      return mathml_filter(nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style, text_families))
+    else
+      return nodes_to_table(kernel.list, cur_style, text_families)
+    end
   else
     error'confusion'
   end
 end
 
-local function do_sub_sup(t, core, n, cur_style)
-  local sub = kernel_to_table(n.sub, sub_style(cur_style))
-  local sup = kernel_to_table(n.sup, sup_style(cur_style))
+local function do_sub_sup(t, core, n, cur_style, text_families)
+  local sub = kernel_to_table(n.sub, sub_style(cur_style), text_families)
+  local sup = kernel_to_table(n.sup, sup_style(cur_style), text_families)
   if sub then
     if sup then
       return {[0] = 'msubsup', t, sub, sup}, core
@@ -125,7 +246,7 @@ local function maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
   local after = noad.next
   if not after then return end
   if after.id ~= noad_t then return end
-  if noad_sub[after.subtype] ~= 'ord' then return end
+  if after.subtype ~= noad_ord then return end
   after = after.nucleus
   if not after then return end
   if after.id ~= math_char_t then return end
@@ -133,70 +254,91 @@ local function maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
   core[0] = 'mn'
 end
 
-local function noad_to_table(noad, sub, cur_style, mn)
-  local class = noad_sub[sub]
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(noad.nucleus, class == 'over' and cur_style//2*2+1 or cur_style)
-  if class == 'ord' then
+local function noad_to_table(noad, sub, cur_style, joining, bin_replacements, text_families)
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(noad.nucleus, sub == noad_over and cur_style//2*2+1 or cur_style, text_families)
+  if not nucleus then return end
+  if core and core[0] == 'mo' and core.minsize and not core.maxsize then
+    core.maxsize = core.minsize -- This happens when a half-specified delimiter appears alone in a list.
+                                -- If it has a minimal size, it should be fixed to that size (since there is nothing bigger in it's list)
+  end
+  if sub == noad_ord and not (bin_replacements[node.direct.todirect(noad)] or (nucleus == core and #core == 1 and always_mo[core[1]])) then
     if core and core[0] == 'mo' then
-      core[0] = 'mi'
-      core.stretchy, core.mathvariant = nil, #core == 1 and type(core[0]) == 'string' and utf8.len(core[0]) == 1 and utf8.codepoint(core[0]) < -0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
       core['tex:class'] = nil
+      if not core.minsize and not core.movablelimits then
+        core[0] = 'mi'
+        core.movablelimits = nil
+        core.mathvariant = #core == 1 and type(core[1]) == 'string' and utf8.len(core[1]) == 1 and utf8.codepoint(core[1]) < 0x10000 and 'normal' or nil
+        core.stretchy, core.lspace, core.rspace = nil
+      end
     end
     if nucleus == core and #core == 1 then
-      if mn and core[0] == 'mi' and (core[1] == '.' or core[1] == ',') and maybe_to_mn(noad, core) or core[0] == 'mn' then
-        if mn then
-          mn[#mn+1] = core[1]
-          nucleus = do_sub_sup(mn, mn, noad, cur_style)
-          if nucleus == mn then
-            return nil, mn, mn
+      if joining and joining[0] == 'mn' and core[0] == 'mi' and (core[1] == '.' or core[1] == ',') and maybe_to_mn(noad, core)
+          or core[0] == 'mn' or text_families[core['tex:family'] or 0] then
+        if joining and core[0] == joining[0] and core['tex:family'] == joining['tex:family'] then
+          joining[#joining+1] = core[1]
+          local cnodes = core[':nodes']
+          if cnodes then -- very likely
+            local jnodes = joining[':nodes']
+            if jnodes then -- very likely
+              table.move(cnodes, 1, #cnodes, #jnodes+1, jnodes)
+            else
+              joining[':nodes'] = cnodes
+            end
+          end
+          nucleus = do_sub_sup(joining, joining, noad, cur_style, text_families)
+          if nucleus == joining then
+            return nil, joining, joining
           else
-            return nucleus, mn, false
+            return nucleus, joining, false
           end
         elseif not noad.sub and not noad.sup then
           return core, core, core
         end
       end
     end
-  elseif class == 'opdisplaylimits' or class == 'oplimits' or class == 'opnolimits' or class == 'bin' or class == 'rel' or class == 'open'
-      or class == 'close' or class == 'punct' or class == 'inner' then
+  elseif sub == noad_op or sub == noad_oplimits or sub == noad_opnolimits or sub == noad_bin or sub == noad_rel or sub == noad_open
+      or sub == noad_close or sub == noad_punct or sub == noad_inner or sub == noad_ord then
     if not core or not core[0] then
       -- TODO
     else
       core[0] = 'mo'
-      if stretchy[core[1]] then core.stretchy = false end
+      if not core.minsize then
+        if stretchy[core[1]] then core.stretchy = false end
+      end
       if core.mathvariant == 'normal' then core.mathvariant = nil end
+      core.lspace, core.rspace = 0, 0
     end
-    nucleus['tex:class'] = class
+    nucleus['tex:class'] = noad_names[sub]
 
-    if (noad.sup or noad.sub) and (class == 'opdisplaylimits' or class == 'oplimits') then
-      nucleus.movablelimits = class == 'opdisplaylimits'
-      local sub = kernel_to_table(noad.sub, sub_style(cur_style))
-      local sup = kernel_to_table(noad.sup, sup_style(cur_style))
+    if (noad.sup or noad.sub) and (sub == noad_op or sub == noad_oplimits) then
+      if core and core[0] == 'mo' then core.movablelimits = sub == noad_op end
+      local sub = kernel_to_table(noad.sub, sub_style(cur_style), text_families)
+      local sup = kernel_to_table(noad.sup, sup_style(cur_style), text_families)
       return {[0] = sup and (sub and 'munderover' or 'mover') or 'munder',
         nucleus,
         sub or sup,
         sub and sup,
       }, core
     end
-  elseif class == 'under' then
+  elseif sub == noad_under then
     return {[0] = 'munder',
       nucleus,
       {[0] = 'mo', '_',},
     }, core
-  elseif class == 'over' then
+  elseif sub == noad_over then
     return {[0] = 'mover',
       nucleus,
       {[0] = 'mo', '\u{203E}',},
     }, core
-  elseif class == 'vcenter' then -- Ignored. Nucleus will need special handling anyway
+  elseif sub == noad_vcenter then -- Ignored. Nucleus will need special handling anyway
   else
     error[[confusion]]
   end
-  return do_sub_sup(nucleus, core, noad, cur_style)
+  return do_sub_sup(nucleus, core, noad, cur_style, text_families)
 end
 
-local function accent_to_table(accent, sub, cur_style)
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(accent.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1)
+local function accent_to_table(accent, sub, cur_style, text_families)
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(accent.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1, text_families)
   local top_acc = acc_to_table(accent.accent, cur_style, sub & 1 == 1)
   local bot_acc = acc_to_table(accent.bot_accent, cur_style, sub & 2 == 2)
   return {[0] = top_acc and (bot_acc and 'munderover' or 'mover') or 'munder',
@@ -218,17 +360,18 @@ style_table.crampedscript, style_table.crampedscriptscript =
   style_table.display, style_table.text,
   style_table.script, style_table.scriptscript
 
-local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style)
+local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style, text_families)
   local kind = radical_sub[sub]
-  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(radical.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1)
+  local nucleus, core = kernel_to_table(radical.nucleus, cur_style//2*2+1, text_families)
   local left = delim_to_table(radical.left)
   local elem
   if kind == 'radical' or kind == 'uradical' then
     -- FIXME: Check that this is really a square root
-    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus}, nil
+    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus, }, nil
   elseif kind == 'uroot' then
     -- FIXME: Check that this is really a root
-    elem, core = {[0] = 'msqrt', nucleus, kernel_to_table(radical.degree)}, nil
+    -- UF 2024-12-04: force use of only one return value     
+    elem, core = {[0] = 'mroot', nucleus, (kernel_to_table(radical.degree, 7, text_families))}, nil
   elseif kind == 'uunderdelimiter' then
     elem, core = {[0] = 'munder', left, nucleus}, left
   elseif kind == 'uoverdelimiter' then
@@ -240,12 +383,12 @@ local function radical_to_table(radical, sub, cur_style)
   else
     error[[confusion]]
   end
-  return do_sub_sup(elem, core, radical, cur_style)
+  return do_sub_sup(elem, core, radical, cur_style, text_families)
 end
 
-local function fraction_to_table(fraction, sub, cur_style)
-  local num, core = kernel_to_table(fraction.num, sup_style(cur_style))
-  local denom = kernel_to_table(fraction.denom, sub_style(cur_style))
+local function fraction_to_table(fraction, sub, cur_style, text_families)
+  local num, core = kernel_to_table(fraction.num, cur_style + 2 - cur_style//6*2, text_families)
+  local denom = kernel_to_table(fraction.denom, cur_style//2*2 + 3 - cur_style//6*2, text_families)
   local left = delim_to_table(fraction.left)
   local right = delim_to_table(fraction.right)
   local mfrac = {[0] = 'mfrac',
@@ -272,8 +415,31 @@ end
 
 local function fence_to_table(fence, sub, cur_style)
   local delim, core = delim_to_table(fence.delim)
-  if delim[0] == 'mo' then
-    delim.fence = 'true'
+  if core[0] ~= 'mo' then
+    return delim, core
+  end
+  core.fence, core.symmetric = 'true', 'true'
+  local options = fence.options
+  local axis
+  if fence.height ~= 0 or fence.depth ~= 0 then
+    axis = 0xA == options & 0xA
+    local exact = 0x18 == options & 0x18
+    -- We treat them always as exact. mpadded would allow us to support
+    -- non-exact ones too and I will implement that if I ever encounter
+    -- someone who does that intentionally. Until then, we warn people
+    -- since such fences are absurd.
+    if not exact then
+      texio.write_nl'luamml: The document uses a fence with \z
+          explicit dimensions but without the "exact" option. \z
+          This is probably a mistake.'
+    end
+    core.minsize = string.format("%.3fpt", (fence.height + fence.depth)/65781.76)
+    core.maxsize = core.minsize
+  else
+    axis = 0xC ~= options & 0xC
+  end
+  if not axis then
+    texio.write_nl'luamml: Baseline centered fence will be centered around math axis instead'
   end
   return delim, core
 end
@@ -296,67 +462,87 @@ local function rule_to_table(rule, sub, cur_style)
   if height == running_length then
     height = '0.8em'
   else
-    height = height
+    height = string.format("%.3fpt", height/65781.76)
   end
   local depth = rule.depth
   if depth == running_length then
     depth = '0.2em'
   else
-    depth = depth
+    depth = string.format("%.3fpt", depth/65781.76)
   end
   return {[0] = 'mspace', mathbackground = 'currentColor', width = width, height = height, depth = depth}, space_like
 end
 
-function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style)
+-- The only part which changes the nodelist, we are converting bin into ord
+-- nodes in the same way TeX would do it later anyway.
+local function cleanup_mathbin(head)
+  local replacements = {}
+  local last = 'open' -- last sub if id was noad_t, left fence acts fakes being a open noad, bin are themselves. Every other noad is ord
+  for n, id, sub in node.traverse(head) do
+    if id == noad_t then
+      if sub == noad_bin then
+        if node.is_node(last) or last == noad_opdisplaylimits
+            or last == noad_oplimits or last == noad_opnolimits
+            or last == noad_rel or last == noad_open or last == noad_punct then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(n)] = true
+          n.subtype, last = noad_ord, noad_ord
+        else
+          last = n
+        end
+      else
+        if (sub == noad_rel or sub == noad_close or sub == noad_punct)
+            and node.is_node(last) then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+          last.subtype = noad_ord
+        end
+        last = sub
+      end
+    elseif id == fence_t then
+      if sub == fence_sub.left then
+        last = noad_open
+      else
+        if node.is_node(last) then
+          replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+          last.subtype = noad_ord, noad_ord
+        end
+        last = noad_ord
+      end
+    elseif id == fraction_t or id == radical_t or id == accent_t then
+      last = noad_ord
+    end
+  end
+  if node.is_node(last) then
+    replacements[node.direct.todirect(last)] = true
+    last.subtype = noad_ord
+  end
+  return replacements
+end
+
+function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style, text_families)
+  local bin_replacements = cleanup_mathbin(head)
   local t = {[0] = 'mrow'}
   local result = t
   local nonscript
-  local core, mn = space_like
-  local no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = true
+  local core, last_noad, last_core, joining = space_like, nil, nil, nil
   for n, id, sub in node.traverse(head) do
-    if last_noad and ((id == noad_t and noad_sub[sub] == 'punct') or (id == fence_t and fence_sub[sub] ~= 'left')) then
-      last_noad['tex:class'], last_noad_core[0] = nil, 'mi'
-      last_noad_core.stretchy, last_noad_core.mathvariant = nil, #last_noad_core == 1
-                                                             and type(last_noad_core[0]) == 'string'
-                                                             and utf8.len(last_noad_core[0]) == 1
-                                                             and utf8.codepoint(last_noad_core[0]) < -0x10000
-                                                             and 'normal' or nil
-    end
-    local new_core, new_mn
+    local new_core, new_joining, new_node, new_noad
     local props = properties[n]
-    props = props and props.mathml_table
-    if props then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = props, user_provided
+    local mathml_core = props and props.mathml_core
+    local mathml_table = props and (props.mathml_table or mathml_core)
+    if mathml_table ~= nil then
+      new_node, new_core = mathml_table, mathml_core
     elseif id == noad_t then
-      local substr = noad_sub[sub]
-      if substr == 'bin' then
-        if no_binop_context then
-          sub, substr = 0, 'ord'
-        end
-      end
-      no_binop_context = false
-          or substr == 'bin'
-          or substr == 'opdisplaylimits'
-          or substr == 'oplimits'
-          or substr == 'opnolimits'
-          or substr == 'rel'
-          or substr == 'open'
-          or substr == 'punct'
       local new_n
-      new_n, new_core, new_mn = noad_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, mn)
-      if new_mn == false then
-        t[#t], new_mn = new_n, nil
+      new_n, new_core, new_joining = noad_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, joining, bin_replacements, text_families)
+      if new_joining == false then
+        t[#t], new_joining = new_n, nil
       else
-        t[#t+1] = new_n -- might be nil
-      end
-      if substr == 'bin' then
-        last_noad, last_noad_core = new_n, new_core
-      else
-        last_noad, last_noad_core = nil, nil
+        new_node = new_n -- might be nil
       end
+      new_noad = sub
     elseif id == accent_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = accent_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_node, new_core = accent_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
+      new_noad = noad_ord
     elseif id == style_t then
       if sub ~= cur_style then
         if #t == 0 then
@@ -376,52 +562,77 @@ function nodes_to_table(head, cur_style)
       new_core = space_like
     elseif id == choice_t then
       local size = cur_style//2
-      t[#t+1], new_core = nodes_to_table(n[size == 0 and 'display'
+      new_node, new_core = nodes_to_table(n[size == 0 and 'display'
                                         or size == 1 and 'text'
                                         or size == 2 and 'script'
                                         or size == 3 and 'scriptscript'
-                                        or assert(false)], 2*size), space_like
+                                        or assert(false)], 2*size, text_families), space_like
     elseif id == radical_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = radical_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_node, new_core = radical_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
+      new_noad = noad_ord
     elseif id == fraction_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = fraction_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_node, new_core = fraction_to_table(n, sub, cur_style, text_families)
+      new_noad = noad_inner
     elseif id == fence_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = fence_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
-      no_binop_context, last_noad, last_noad_core = false, nil, nil
+      new_node, new_core = fence_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      local class = n.class
+      new_noad = class >= 0 and class or sub == fence_sub.left and noad_open or noad_close
     elseif id == kern_t then
       if not nonscript then
-        t[#t+1], new_core = space_to_table(n.kern, sub, cur_style)
+        new_node, new_core = space_to_table(n.kern, sub, cur_style)
       end
     elseif id == glue_t then
       if cur_style >= 4 or not nonscript then
         if sub == 98 then -- TODO magic number
           nonscript = true
         else
-          t[#t+1], new_core = space_to_table(n.width, sub, cur_style)
+          new_node, new_core = space_to_table(n.width, sub, cur_style)
         end
       end
     elseif id == rule_t then
-      t[#t+1], new_core = rule_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
+      new_node, new_core = rule_to_table(n, sub, cur_style)
     -- elseif id == disc_t then -- Uncommon, does not play nicely with math mode and no sensible mapping anyway
     end -- The other possible ids are whatsit, penalty, adjust, ins, mark. Ignore them.
     nonscript = nil
     if core and new_core ~= space_like then
       core = core == space_like and new_core or nil
     end
-    mn = new_mn
+    if new_node then
+      if new_noad then
+        local space = last_noad and (cur_style >= 4 and spacing_table_script or spacing_table)[last_noad + 1][new_noad + 1] or 0
+        if assert(space) ~= 0 then
+          if new_core and new_core[0] == 'mo' then
+            new_core.lspace = space
+          elseif last_core and last_core[0] == 'mo' then
+            last_core.rspace = space
+          else
+            t[#t+1] = {[0] = 'mspace', width = space} -- TODO Move into operators whenever possible
+          end
+        end
+        last_noad, last_core = new_noad, new_core
+      elseif new_node[0] ~= 'mspace' or new_node.mathbackground then
+        last_core = nil
+      end
+      t[#t+1] = new_node
+    end
+    joining = new_joining
   end
-  -- In TeX, groups are never space like
+  -- In TeX, groups are never space like, so we insert an artificial node instead.
+  -- This node should be ignored for most purposes
   if core == space_like then
-    core = {[0] = 'mi', intent = '@ignore'}
+    core = {[0] = 'mi', ['tex:ignore'] = 'true'}
     result[#result+1] = core
   end
   if t[0] == 'mrow' and #t == 1 then
     assert(t == result)
     result = t[1]
   end
-  return result, core
+  local mathml_filter = props and props.mathml_filter
+  if mathml_filter then
+    return mathml_filter(result, core)
+  else
+    return result, core
+  end
 end
 
 local function register_remap(family, mapping)
@@ -447,6 +658,6 @@ end
 
 return {
   register_family = register_remap,
-  process = function(head, style) return nodes_to_table(head, style or 2) end,
+  process = function(head, style, families) return nodes_to_table(head, style or 2, families) end,
   make_root = to_math,
 }

luamml-demo.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-demo}{2025-03-06}{0.5.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml}
+
+\sys_if_engine_luatex:F {
+  \msg_new:nnn {luamml-demo} {pdftex-option-ignored} {Option~`#1'~is~being~ignored~in~pdfTeX~mode.}
+  \DeclareOption*{\msg_warning:nnx {luamml-demo} {pdftex-option-ignored} {\CurrentOption}}
+  \ProcessOptions\relax
+  \RequirePackage{luamml-pdf-demo}
+  \endinput
+}
+
+\RequirePackage{luamml}% Loading luamml is pretty much the point
+\RequirePackage{amsmath,array}% These are more or less expected in luamml especially for advanced constructs
+
+\AtBeginDocument{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{unicode-math}{}{%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}%
+  }
+}
+
+\bool_new:N \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool
+
+\DeclareOption{tracing}{
+  \tracingmathml=2
+}
+\DeclareOption{structelem}{
+  \bool_set_true:N \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool
+  \luamml_structelem:
+}
+\DeclareOption{files}{
+  \int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int
+  \luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \immediateassignment \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int
+    \jobname -formula- \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_mathml_int .xml
+  }
+}
+\DeclareOption{l3build}{
+  \luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+  \luamml_begin_single_file:
+}
+\ProcessOptions\relax
+
+\cs_new_eq:NN \LuaMMLSetFilename \luamml_set_filename:n
+
+\cs_generate_variant:Nn \pdffile_filespec:nnn {ene}
+\int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+\cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLTagAF #1#2 {
+  \tag_mc_end_push:
+  \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+  \exp_args:Ne \pdf_object_new:nn{__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int}{dict}
+  \exp_args:Ne \tag_struct_begin:n{tag=Formula,AF=__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int,#1}
+  \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+    \tag_mc_begin:n{tag=Formula}
+  }
+  #2
+  \group_begin:
+    \pdfdict_put:nnn {l_pdffile/Filespec} {AFRelationship}{/Supplement}
+    \pdffile_filespec:ene
+      { __luamml_demo_ \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int }
+      { test.xml }
+      { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}\c_space_tl 0~R}
+  \group_end:
+  \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+    \tag_mc_end:
+  }
+  \tag_struct_end:
+  \tag_mc_begin_pop:n{}
+}
+
+\NewDocumentCommand\AnnotateFormula{ o m m }{%
+  \IfValueTF{#1}{%
+    \luamml_annotate:nen{#1}%
+  }{
+    \luamml_annotate:en
+  }{#2}{#3}
+}
+
+\cs_set_eq:NN \WriteoutFormula \luamml_pdf_write:

luamml-legacy-mappings.lua

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ local remap_oml = { [0] =
   0x1D465, 0x1D466, 0x1D467, 0x1D6A4, 0x1D6A5, 0x2118, 0x2192, nil,
 }
 
+-- Something fishy here. Starting with "3D the entries seem wrong
 local remap_oms = { [0] =
   0x2212, 0x22C5, 0xD7, 0x2A, 0xF7, 0x22C4, 0xB1, 0x2213,
   0x2295, 0x2296, 0x2297, 0x2298, 0x2299, 0x25CB, 0x2218, 0x2219,
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ local remap_oms = { [0] =
   0x2190, 0x2192, 0x2191, 0x2193, 0x2194, 0x2197, 0x2198, 0x2243,
   0x21D0, 0x21D2, 0x21D1, 0x21D3, 0x21D4, 0x2196, 0x2199, 0x221D,
   0x2032, 0x221E, 0x2208, 0x220B, 0x25B3, 0x25BD, 0x0338, 0x21A6,
-  0x2200, 0x2203, 0xAC, 0x2205, 0x211C, 0x22A9, 0x22A4, 0x22A5,
+  0x2200, 0x2203, 0xAC, 0x2205, 0x211C, 0x2111, 0x22A4, 0x22A5,
   0x2135, 0x1D49C, 0x212C, 0x1D49E, 0x1D49F, 0x2130, 0x2131, 0x1D4A2,
   0x210B, 0x2110, 0x1D4A5, 0x1D4A6, 0x2112, 0x2133, 0x1D4A9, 0x1D4AA,
   0x1D4AB, 0x1D4AC, 0x211B, 0x1D4AE, 0x1D4AF, 0x1D4B0, 0x1D4B1, 0x1D4B2,

luamml-lr.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
 local function to_unicode(head, tail)
-  local result, subresult, i = {[0] = 'mrow'}, {}, 0
+  local result, subresult, i = {[0] = 'mtext'}, {}, 0
   local characters, last_fid
   local iter, state, n = node.traverse(head)
   while true do
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
     local props = properties[n]
     if props and props.glyph_info then
       i = i+1
-      subresult[i] = glyph_info
+      result[i] = glyph_info
     else
       local char, fid = node.is_glyph(n)
       if char then
@@ -23,27 +23,23 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
         i = i+1
         if uni then
           if type(uni) == 'number' then
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(uni)
+            result[i] = utf.char(uni)
           else
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(table.unpack(uni))
+            result[i] = utf.char(table.unpack(uni))
           end
         else
           if char < 0x110000 then
-            subresult[i] = utf.char(char)
+            result[i] = utf.char(char)
           else
-            subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+            result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
           end
         end
       elseif node.id'math' == id then
         if props then
-          local mml = props.saved_mathml_table
+          local mml = props.saved_mathml_table or props.saved_mathml_core
           if mml then
-            if i ~= 0 then
-              result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
-              for j = i, 1, -1 do subresult[j] = nil end
-              i = 0
-            end
-            result[#result+1] = mml
+            i = i+1
+            result[i] = mml
             n = node.end_of_math(n)
           end
         end
@@ -52,46 +48,23 @@ local function to_unicode(head, tail)
       elseif node.id'glue' == id then
         if n.width > 1000 then -- FIXME: Coordinate constant with tagpdf
           i = i+1
-          subresult[i] = '\u{00A0}' -- non breaking space... There is no real reason why it has to be non breaking, except that MathML often ignore other spaces
+          result[i] = '\u{00A0}' -- non breaking space... There is no real reason why it has to be non breaking, except that MathML often ignore other spaces
         end
       elseif node.id'hlist' == id then
         local nested = to_unicode(n.head)
-        if nested[0] == 'mtext' and #nested == 1 and type(nested[1]) == 'string' then
-          i=i+1
-          subresult[i] = nested[1]
-        else
-          if i ~= 0 then
-            result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
-            for j = i, 1, -1 do subresult[j] = nil end
-            i = 0
-          end
-          if nested[0] == 'mrow' then
-            table.move(nested, 1, #nested, #result+1, result)
-          else -- should be unreachable (propbably actually is reachable if the inner list only contains math
-            result[#result+1] = nested
-          end
-        end
+        table.move(nested, 1, #nested, i+1, result)
+        i = i+#nested
       elseif node.id'vlist' == id then
         i = i+1
-        subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+        result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
       elseif node.id'rule' == id then
         if n.width ~= 0 then
           i = i+1
-          subresult[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
+          result[i] = '\u{FFFD}'
         end
       end -- CHECK: Everything else can probably be ignored, otherwise shout at me
     end
   end
-  if i ~= 0 then
-    result[#result+1] = {[0] = 'mtext', table.concat(subresult)}
-  end
-  if #result == 0 then
-    local r = {[0] = 'mtext', ''}
-    return r, r
-  elseif #result == 1 then
-    result = result[1]
-    if result[1] == 'mtext' then return result, result end
-  end
   return result
 end
 

luamml-patches-amsmath.sty

@@ -1,109 +1,440 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
   {Feel free to add a description here}
 
 \lua_now:n { require'luamml-amsmath' }
 
-\cs_set:Npn \align@preamble {
-  &
-    \hfil
-    \strut@
-    \setboxz@h {
-      \@lign
-      $
-        \m@th
-        \displaystyle {
-          ##
-        }
-        \ifmeasuring@
-          \luamml_flag_ignore:
-        \else
-          \luamml_flag_save:
-        \fi
-      $
-    }
-    \ifmeasuring@
-      \savefieldlength@
-    \else
-      \__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:
-    \fi
-    \set@field
-    \tabskip\z@skip
-  &
-    \setboxz@h {
-      \@lign
-      $
-      \m@th
-      \displaystyle
-      {
-        {}
-        ##
-      }
-      \ifmeasuring@
-        \luamml_flag_ignore:
-      \else
-        \luamml_flag_save:
-      \fi
-      $
-    }
-    \ifmeasuring@
-      \savefieldlength@
-    \else
-      \__luamml_amsmath_add_box_to_row:
-    \fi
-    \set@field
-    \hfil
-    \tabskip\alignsep@
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \math@cr@@@align {
-  \ifst@rred
-    \nonumber
-  \fi
-  \if@eqnsw
-    \global \tag@true
-  \fi
-  \global \advance \row@ \@ne
-  \add@amps \maxfields@
-  \omit
-  \kern -\alignsep@
-  \iftag@
-    \setboxz@h { 
-      \@lign
-      \strut@
-      { \make@display@tag }
-    }
-    \place@tag
-    \__luamml_amsmath_set_tag:
-  \fi
-  \ifst@rred
-  \else
-    \global \@eqnswtrue
-  \fi
-  \global \lineht@ \z@
-  \cr
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \maketag@@@ #1 {
-  \hbox {
-    \m@th
-    \normalfont
-    #1
-    \__luamml_amsmath_save_tag:
-  }
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \endalign {
-  \math@cr
-  \black@ \totwidth@
-  \__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:
+% For all of these changes, the redefinitions appear huge.
+% But they are almost identical to the original and only
+% add luamml commands in appropriate places, so they would
+% mostly disappear if there were enough hooks in amsmath.
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-02-24}
+ {}
+ {
+  \def\common@align@ending {
+  \math@cr \black@\totwidth@
+  \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {\@currenvir}
   \egroup
   \ifingather@
     \restorealignstate@
     \egroup
     \nonumber
-    \ifnum0=‘{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+    \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
   \else
-    $$
+    $$%
   \fi
   \ignorespacesafterend
-}
+  }
+ }
+
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\start@aligned}
+    % aligned and friends
+    \cs_set:Npn \start@aligned #1#2 {
+      \RIfM@
+      \else
+        \nonmatherr@ { \begin { \@currenvir } }
+      \fi
+      \savecolumn@ % Assumption: called inside a group
+        \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {}{ \alignedspace@left }
+      \ams@start@box {#1} \bgroup
+        \maxfields@ #2 \relax
+        \ifnum \maxfields@ > \m@ne
+          \multiply \maxfields@ \tw@
+          \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@alignedat
+          \alignsep@ \z@skip
+        \else
+          \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@aligned
+          \alignsep@ \minalignsep
+        \fi
+        \Let@ \chardef \dspbrk@context \@ne
+        \default@tag
+        \spread@equation % no-op if already called
+        \global \column@ \z@
+        \ialign \bgroup
+          & \column@plus
+            \hfil
+            \strut@
+            $
+              \m@th
+              \displaystyle
+              {##}
+              \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \tabskip \z@skip
+          & \column@plus
+            $
+              \m@th
+              \displaystyle
+              {
+                {}
+                ##
+              }
+              \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+            \tabskip\alignsep@
+          \crcr
+          \ams@return@opt@arg
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~gathered}
+     \renewcommand \gathered [1] [c] {
+       \RIfM@
+       \else
+         \nonmatherr@ { \begin {gathered} }
+       \fi
+       \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {}{ \alignedspace@left }
+       \ams@start@box {#1} \bgroup
+         \Let@
+         \chardef \dspbrk@context \@ne
+         \restore@math@cr
+         \spread@equation
+         \ialign \bgroup
+             \hfil
+             \strut@
+             $
+               \m@th
+               \displaystyle
+               ##
+               \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+             $
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+             \hfil
+           \crcr
+             \ams@return@opt@arg
+     }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endaligned}
+   \cs_set:Npn \endaligned {
+         \crcr
+         \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/save}
+       \egroup
+       \restorecolumn@
+     \egroup
+     \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/finalize}
+   }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\gather@}
+     \cs_set:Npn \gather@ #1 {
+       \ingather@true
+       \let \split \insplit@
+       \let \tag \tag@in@align
+       \let \label \label@in@display
+       \chardef \dspbrk@context \z@
+       \intertext@ \displ@y@ \Let@
+       \let \math@cr@@@ \math@cr@@@gather
+       \gmeasure@ {#1}
+       \global \shifttag@false
+       \tabskip \z@skip
+       \global \row@ \@ne
+       \halign to \displaywidth \bgroup
+           \strut@
+           \setboxz@h {
+             $
+               \m@th
+               \displaystyle
+               {##}
+               \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+             $
+           }
+           \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+           \calc@shift@gather
+           \set@gather@field
+           \tabskip\@centering
+         &
+           \setboxz@h {
+             \strut@
+             {##}
+           }
+           \dim_compare:nNnTF {0pt} = {
+             \box_wd:N \c_zero_int
+           }
+           { \place@tag@gather }
+           {
+             \place@tag@gather
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+           }
+           \tabskip \iftagsleft@
+             \gdisplaywidth@
+           \else
+             \z@skip
+           \span \fi
+           \crcr
+           #1
+     }
+% in latex lab, add the luamml_ignore to \measuring@true instead.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\gmeasure@}
+    \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_gmeasure:n \gmeasure@
+    \cs_set:Npn \gmeasure@ #1 {
+      \exp_last_unbraced:Nno
+        \use_ii_i:nn
+        { \luamml_ignore: }
+        { \__luamml_amsmath_original_gmeasure:n {#1} }
+    }
+
+
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endgather}
+   \cs_set:Npn \endgather {
+         \math@cr
+         \black@ \totwidth@
+         \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {gather}
+     \egroup
+     $$
+     \ignorespacesafterend
+   }
+
+
+% align and friends
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\align@preamble}
+   \cs_set:Npn \align@preamble {
+     &
+       \hfil
+       \strut@
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         $
+           \m@th
+           \displaystyle
+           {##}
+           \ifmeasuring@
+             \luamml_ignore:
+           \else
+             \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+           \fi
+         $
+       }
+       \ifmeasuring@
+         \savefieldlength@
+       \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+       \fi
+       \set@field
+       \tabskip\z@skip
+     &
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         $
+         \m@th
+         \displaystyle
+         {
+           {}
+           ##
+         }
+         \ifmeasuring@
+           \luamml_ignore:
+         \else
+           \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+         \fi
+         $
+       }
+       \ifmeasuring@
+         \savefieldlength@
+       \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{box}
+       \fi
+       \set@field
+       \hfil
+       \tabskip\alignsep@
+   }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\math@cr@@@align}
+   \cs_set:Npn \math@cr@@@align {
+     \ifst@rred
+       \nonumber
+     \fi
+     \if@eqnsw
+       \global \tag@true
+     \fi
+     \global \advance \row@ \@ne
+     \add@amps \maxfields@
+     \omit
+     \kern -\alignsep@
+     \iftag@
+       \setboxz@h {
+         \@lign
+         \strut@
+         { \make@display@tag }
+       }
+       \place@tag
+       \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+     \fi
+     \ifst@rred
+     \else
+       \global \@eqnswtrue
+     \fi
+     \global \lineht@ \z@
+     \cr
+   }
+
+% This was lost anyway, as the latex-lab code overwrites
+% the definition again.
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\maketag@@@}
+   \cs_set:Npn \maketag@@@ #1
+    {
+      \hbox {
+       \m@th
+       \normalfont
+       #1
+       \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/save}
+     }
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endalign}
+% this handled in latex-lab through \common@align@ending
+    \cs_set:Npn \endalign {
+      \math@cr
+      \black@ \totwidth@
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {align}
+      \egroup
+      \ifingather@
+        \restorealignstate@
+        \egroup
+        \nonumber
+        \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+      \else
+        $$
+      \fi
+      \ignorespacesafterend
+    }
+   
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\multline@}
+   % For a more interesting one, let's consider multline:
+   \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_multline:n \multline@
+   \cs_set:Npn \multline@ #1 {
+     \__luamml_amsmath_original_multline:n {
+       \ifmeasuring@ \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/aligncol} {left}
+       \fi
+       #1
+       \ifmeasuring@ \else
+         \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/aligncol} {right}
+       \fi
+     }
+   }
+
+   %this is not move to latex-lab as the luamml_ignore is inserting with 
+   % \measuringtrue
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mmeasure@}
+   \cs_new_eq:NN \__luamml_amsmath_original_mmeasure:n \mmeasure@
+   \cs_set:Npn \mmeasure@ #1 {
+     \exp_last_unbraced:Nno
+       \use_ii_i:nn
+       { \luamml_ignore: }
+       { \__luamml_amsmath_original_mmeasure:n {#1} }
+   }
+% Luckily, {multline} uses \endmultline@math in exactly
+% the spot where we have to set the flag.
+% Less luckily, \endmultline@math sometimes get overwritten for the last line.
+% But that isn't a problem since we want special behavior there anyway.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\endmultline@math}
+    \cs_set:Npn \endmultline@math {
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{{} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+      $
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+    }
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\rendmultline@}
+    \cs_set:Npn \rendmultline@ {
+        \iftag@
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{{} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+          $
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+          \let \endmultline@math \relax
+          \ifshifttag@
+            \hskip \multlinegap
+            \llap {
+              \vtop {
+                \raise@tag
+                \normalbaselines
+                \setbox \@ne \null
+                \dp \@ne \lineht@
+                \box \@ne
+                \hbox {
+                  \strut@
+                  \make@display@tag
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          \else
+            \hskip \multlinetaggap
+            \make@display@tag
+          \fi
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/tag/set}
+        \else
+          \hskip \multlinegap
+        \fi
+        \hfilneg
+        \math@cr
+        \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {multline}
+      \egroup
+      $$
+    }
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\lendmultline@}
+    \cs_set:Npn \lendmultline@ {
+        \hfilneg
+        \hskip\multlinegap
+        \math@cr
+        \UseExpandableTaggingSocket {math/luamml/mtable/finalize} {multline}
+        %\__luamml_amsmath_finalize_table:n {multline}
+      \egroup
+      $$
+    }
+   
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~smallmatrix}
+    \renewenvironment {smallmatrix} {
+      \UseTaggingSocket{ math/luamml/annotate/false } {} { \null\, }
+      \vcenter \bgroup
+        \Let@
+        \restore@math@cr
+        \default@tag
+        \baselineskip 6 \ex@
+        \lineskip 1.5 \ex@
+        \lineskiplimit \lineskip
+        \ialign \bgroup
+            \hfil
+            $
+            \m@th
+            \scriptstyle
+            ##
+            % No \scriptsize here since we want to add the mstyle nodes
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nn}{ {} {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+          &&
+            \thickspace
+            \hfil
+            $
+            \m@th
+            \scriptstyle
+            ##
+            % No \scriptsize here since we want to add the mstyle nodes
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nn}{ {} {mtd}}
+            $
+            \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+            \hfil
+          \crcr
+    }{%
+          \crcr
+          \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/smallmatrix/save}
+        \egroup
+      \egroup
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/innertable/finalize}
+      \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/annotate/false} {}{ \, }
+    }
+
+    % {cases} is defined by the kernel, but we patch the overwritten version by amsmath.
+    \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\env@cases}
+    \cs_set:Npn \env@cases {
+      \let \@ifnextchar \new@ifnextchar
+      \left \lbrace
+        \def \arraystretch {1.2}
+        \array {@{}l@{\quad \luamml_ignore:}l@{}}
+    }
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\bBigg@}
+   \cs_set:Npn \bBigg@ #1 #2 {
+     {
+       \ensuremath {
+         \Uvextensible height~#1 \big@size axis~exact~#2
+       }
+     }
+   }
+} %end package test

luamml-patches-amstext.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amstext} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {patches of amstext commands}
+
+% This is the same definition as in latex-lab-amsmath. It can go with the
+% 2025-06-01 release.
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\text@}    
+   \sys_if_engine_luatex:T
+    {
+      \def\text@#1{
+       \tag_socket_use:nnn {math/luamml/hbox}{}
+       {{%
+        \ifcase\mathstyle
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\sf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\sf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\ssf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \hbox{{\let\f@size\ssf@size\selectfont#1}}\or
+        \ERROR
+        \fi
+        \check@mathfonts
+      }}}
+    }
+  }

luamml-patches-array.sty

@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-array} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
-  {Feel free to add a description here}
-
-\lua_now:n { require'luamml-array' }
-
-\cs_set:Npn \@classz {
-  \@classx
-  \@tempcnta \count@
-  \prepnext@tok
-  \@addtopreamble {
-    \ifcase \@chnum
-      \hfil
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 0~
-      \do@row@strut
-      \hfil
-    \or
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 1~
-      \do@row@strut
-      \hfil
-    \or
-      \hfil
-      \hskip 1sp
-      \d@llarbegin
-      \__luamml_array_init_col:
-      \insert@column
-      \luamml_flag_save:
-      \d@llarend
-      \__luamml_array_finalize_col:w 2~
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \setbox \ar@mcellbox \vbox \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \ar@align@mcell
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \vtop \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \do@row@strut
-    \or
-      \vbox \@startpbox { \@nextchar }
-        \insert@column
-      \@endpbox
-      \do@row@strut
-    \fi
-  }
-  \prepnext@tok
-}
-
-\cs_set:Npn \endarray {
-  \crcr
-  \__luamml_array_save_array:
-  \egroup
-  \egroup
-  \__luamml_array_finalize_array:
-  \@arrayright
-  \gdef \@preamble {}
-}

luamml-patches-kernel.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-kernel} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+
+
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mathsm@sh}
+    \cs_set:Npn \mathsm@sh #1 #2 {
+     \setbox \z@ \hbox {
+       $
+       \m@th #1 {
+         #2
+       }
+       \luamml_save:nNn {mathsmash} #1 {mpadded}
+       \luamml_pdf_write:
+       $
+     }
+     \luamml_annotate:nen {2} {
+       nucleus = true,
+       core = consume_label('mathsmash', function(padded)
+         padded.height, padded.depth = 0, 0~
+       end),
+     } {
+       {}
+       \finsm@sh
+     }
+   }
+
+   \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\mathph@nt}
+   \cs_set:Npn \mathph@nt #1 #2 {
+     \setbox \z@ = \hbox {
+       $
+       \m@th
+       #1
+       {#2}
+       \luamml_save:nNn {mathphant} #1 {mphantom}
+       $
+     }
+     \luamml_annotate:nen {1} {
+       nucleus = true,
+       core = {[0] = 'mpadded',
+         \ifh@\else
+           width = 0,
+         \fi
+         \ifv@\else
+           height = 0, depth = 0,
+         \fi
+         consume_label'mathphant',
+       }
+     } {
+       \finph@nt
+     }
+   }
+   \IfFileLoadedT {latex-lab-math.ltx} {
+  \RequirePackage{luamml-patches-lab-math}
+   }
+ }
+
+% This is not moved to latex-lab for now. It doesn't work properly with structure elements
+% active: the content is outside of the math. 
+\@ifpackageloaded {unicode-math} {} {
+  \cs_new:Npn \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn #1#2#3 {
+    \cs_set:cpx { \cs_to_str:N #1 ~ } {
+      \luamml_annotate:nen {#2} {
+        nucleus = true, core = {[0] = 'mi', '\string\u{#3}'},
+      } {
+        \exp_not:v { \cs_to_str:N #1 ~ }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \models {3} {22a7}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \hookrightarrow {3} {21aa}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \hookleftarrow {3} {21a9}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \bowtie {3} {22c8}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longrightarrow {3} {27f9}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longrightarrow {3} {27f6}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longleftarrow {3} {27f8}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longleftarrow {3} {27f5}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \Longleftrightarrow {3} {27fa}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longleftrightarrow {3} {27f7}
+  \__luamml_kernel_define_character:Nnn \longmapsto {4} {27fc}
+}

luamml-patches-lab-math.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-lab-math} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+
+% This definition is identical to the one in latex-lab-math.
+% The redefinition and the whole patch file can be removed in 2025-06-01
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+  \AddToHook{begindocument} {
+  \PackageInfo{luamml}{patching~\string\common@align@ending}
+  \cs_set:Npn \common@align@ending {
+    \math@cr
+    \black@ \totwidth@
+    \UseExpandableTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalize}{align}
+    \egroup
+    \ifingather@
+      \restorealignstate@
+      \egroup
+      \nonumber
+      \ifnum0=`{\fi\iffalse}\fi
+    \else
+      $$
+    \fi
+    \ignorespacesafterend
+   }
+  }
+}

luamml-patches-mathtools.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-mathtools} {2025-03-06} {0.5.0}
+  {Feel free to add a description here}
+\IfPackageAtLeastTF{latex-lab-testphase-math}{2025-01-24}
+ {}
+ {
+    \RequirePackage{luamml-patches-amsmath}
+    % see https://github.com/latex3/tagging-project/issues/734
+    \renewcommand*\MT_mult_internal:n [1]{
+     \MH_if_boolean:nF {outer_mult}{\alignedspace@left} %<-- requires amsmath 2016/11/05
+      \MT_next:
+      \bgroup
+        \Let@
+        \def\l_MT_multline_lastline_fint{0 }
+        \chardef\dspbrk@context\@ne \restore@math@cr
+        \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@\MT_mult_mathcr_atat:w
+        \MH_let:NwN \shoveleft\MT_shoveleft:wn
+        \MH_let:NwN \shoveright\MT_shoveright:wn
+        \spread@equation
+        \MH_set_boolean_F:n {mult_firstline}
+        \MT_measure_mult:n {#1}
+        \MH_if_dim:w \l_MT_multwidth_dim<\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim
+          \MH_setlength:dn \l_MT_multwidth_dim{\l_MT_multline_measure_fdim}
+        \fi
+        \MH_set_boolean_T:n {mult_firstline}
+        \MH_if_num:w \l_MT_multline_lastline_fint=\@ne
+          \MH_let:NwN \math@cr@@ \MT_mult_firstandlast_mathcr:w
+        \MH_fi:
+        \ialign\bgroup
+          \hfil\strut@$\m@th\displaystyle{}##
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/save/nNn}{ {} \displaystyle {mtd}}
+          $
+          \UseTaggingSocket{math/luamml/mtable/finalizecol}{last}
+          \hfil
+          \crcr
+          \hfilneg
+          #1
+    }
+}

luamml-pdf-demo.sty

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
+\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-pdf-demo}{2025-03-06}{0.5.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml-pdf}
+
+\RequirePackage{luamml-pdf}% Loading luamml-pdf is pretty much the point
+% \RequirePackage{amsmath,array}% May come back if the patches get ported
+
+% Delay family mappings to allow for replacements
+\AddToHook{begindocument/before}{%
+  \@ifpackageloaded{unicode-math}{}{%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}%
+    \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}%
+  }
+}
+
+\cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLSetFilename #1 {}
+
+% TODO.
+% \cs_generate_variant:Nn \pdffile_filespec:nnn {ene}
+% \int_new:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+% \cs_new_protected:Npn \LuaMMLTagAF #1#2 {
+%   \int_gincr:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int
+%   \exp_args:Ne \pdf_object_new:nn{__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int}{dict}
+%   \exp_args:Ne \tagstructbegin{tag=Formula,AF=__luamml_demo_\int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int,#1}
+%   \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+%     \tagmcbegin{tag=Formula}
+%   }
+%   #2
+%   \group_begin:
+%     \pdfdict_put:nnn {l_pdffile/Filespec} {AFRelationship}{/Supplement}
+%     \pdffile_filespec:ene
+%       { __luamml_demo_ \int_use:N \g__luamml_demo_af_int }
+%       { test.xml }
+%       { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}\c_space_tl 0~R}
+%   \group_end:
+%   \bool_if:NF \l__luamml_demo_structelem_bool {
+%     \tagmcend
+%   }
+%   \tagstructend
+% }
+
+\NewDocumentCommand\AnnotateFormula{ o m m }{%
+  \IfValueTF{#1}{%
+    \luamml_annotate:nen{#1}%
+  }{
+    \luamml_annotate:en
+  }{#2}{#3}
+}
+
+\cs_set_eq:NN \WriteoutFormula \luamml_pdf_write:

luamml-structelemwriter.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+local struct_begin = token.create'tag_struct_begin:n'
+local struct_use = token.create'tag_struct_use:n'
+local struct_use_num = token.create'tag_struct_use_num:n'
+local struct_end = token.create'tag_struct_end:'
+
+local mc_begin = token.create'tag_mc_begin:n'
+local mc_end = token.create'tag_mc_end:'
+
+local catlatex       = luatexbase.registernumber("catcodetable@latex")
+
+ltx = ltx or {}
+ltx.__tag = ltx.__tag or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct = ltx.__tag.struct or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct.luamml = ltx.__tag.struct.luamml or {}
+ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels = ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels or {}
+
+local function escape_name(name)
+  return name
+end
+
+local function escape_string(str)
+  return str
+end
+
+local ltx
+local function get_ltx()
+  if not ltx then
+    ltx = _ENV.ltx
+    if not ltx then
+      tex.error("LaTeX PDF support not loaded", {"Maybe try adding \\DocumentMetadata."})
+      ltx = {pdf = {object_id = function() return 0 end}}
+    end
+  end
+  return ltx
+end
+
+local mathml_ns_obj
+local function get_mathml_ns_obj()
+  if not mathml_ns_obj then
+    mathml_ns_obj = get_ltx().pdf.object_id'tag/NS/mathml'
+    if not mathml_ns_obj then
+      tex.error("Failed to find MathML namespace", {"The PDF support does not know the mathml namespace"})
+      mathml_ns_obj = 0
+    end
+  end
+  return mathml_ns_obj
+end
+
+local attribute_counter = 0
+local attributes = setmetatable({}, {__index = function(t, k)
+  attribute_counter = attribute_counter + 1
+  local attr_name = string.format('luamml_attr_%i', attribute_counter)
+  t[k] = attr_name
+  tex.runtoks(function()
+    tex.sprint(catlatex,string.format('\\tagpdfsetup{newattribute={%s}{/O/NSO/NS %i 0 R',
+        attr_name, mathml_ns_obj or get_mathml_ns_obj()))
+    -- tex.sprint(string.format('\\tagpdfsetup{newattribute={%s}{/O/MathML-3',
+    --     attr_name))
+    tex.cprint(12, k)
+    tex.sprint'}}'
+  end)
+  return attr_name
+end})
+
+local mc_type = luatexbase.attributes.g__tag_mc_type_attr
+local mc_cnt = luatexbase.attributes.g__tag_mc_cnt_attr
+-- print('!!!', mc_type, mc_cnt)
+
+local stash_cnt = 0
+local attrs = {}
+local function write_elem(tree, stash)
+  if tree[':struct'] then
+    return tex.runtoks(function()
+      return tex.sprint(struct_use, '{', tree[':struct'], '}')
+    end)
+  end
+  if tree[':structnum'] then
+    return tex.runtoks(function()
+      return tex.sprint(struct_use_num, '{', tree[':structnum'], '}')
+    end)
+  end
+  if not tree[0] then print('ERR', require'inspect'(tree)) end
+  local i = 0
+  for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' and not string.find(attr, ':') and attr ~= 'xmlns' then
+  -- for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' and string.byte(attr) ~= 0x3A then
+    i = i + 1
+    attrs[i] = string.format('/%s(%s)', escape_name(attr), escape_string(val))
+  end end
+  table.sort(attrs)
+
+  if stash then
+    tree[':structnum'] = get_ltx().tag.get_struct_num_next()
+    stash = ', stash, '
+  end
+
+  local attr_flag = i ~= 0 and ', attribute=' .. attributes[table.concat(attrs)]
+  tex.sprint(struct_begin, '{tag=' .. tree[0] .. '/mathml')
+  if stash then tex.sprint(stash) end
+  if attr_flag then tex.sprint(attr_flag) end
+  tex.sprint'}'
+  for j = 1, i do attrs[j] = nil end
+
+  if tree[':nodes'] then
+    local n = tree[':nodes']
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      if tree[':actual'] then
+       tex.sprint(mc_begin,'{tag=Span,actualtext=')
+       tex.cprint(12,tree[':actual'])
+       tex.sprint('}')
+      else
+       tex.sprint{mc_begin, string.format('{tag=%s}', tree[0])}
+      end
+      -- NOTE: This will also flush all previous sprint's... That's often annoying, but in this case actually intentional.
+    end)
+    local mct, mcc = tex.attribute[mc_type], tex.attribute[mc_cnt]
+    for i = 1, #n do
+      node.set_attribute(n[i], mc_type, mct)
+      node.set_attribute(n[i], mc_cnt, mcc)
+    end
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      tex.sprint(mc_end)
+    end)
+  end
+  for _, elem in ipairs(tree) do
+    if type(elem) ~= 'string'  and not elem['tex:ignore']  then
+      if elem['intent']==':equation-label' and ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels then
+        if #ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels > 0 then         
+         -- print("CHECK LABEL STRUCTURE: ",table.serialize(elem), table.serialize(ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels))
+        local num= table.remove(ltx.__tag.struct.luamml.labels,1) 
+        elem[1][#elem+1]={[':structnum']= num}
+        end
+      end 
+      write_elem(elem)
+    end
+  end
+  tex.runtoks(function()
+    tex.sprint(struct_end)
+  end)
+end
+
+return function(element, stash)
+  return write_elem(element, stash)
+end

luamml-table.lua

@@ -4,8 +4,23 @@ local save_result = require'luamml-tex'.save_result
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
 
+local glue_id = node.id'glue'
+local tabskip_sub = 12
+assert(node.subtypes'glue'[tabskip_sub] == 'tabskip')
+
 local function store_get_row()
-  local row_temp = tex.nest[tex.nest.ptr-1].head
+  local row_temp
+  for i=tex.nest.ptr-1, 0, -1 do
+    local head = tex.nest[i].head
+    local glue = head.next
+    if glue and glue.id == glue_id and glue.subtype == tabskip_sub then
+      row_temp = head
+      break
+    end
+  end
+  if not row_temp then
+    error[[luamml_table's store function called outside of table]]
+  end
   local props = properties[row_temp]
   if not props then
     props = {}
@@ -20,32 +35,45 @@ local function store_get_row()
 end
 
 local function store_column_xml(mml, display)
-  if display and mml[0] == 'mstyle' and mml.displaystyle == true then
-    mml[0], mml.displaystyle, mml.scriptlevel = 'mtd', nil, nil
-  else
-    if display and mml[0] ~= 'mstyle' then
-      mml = {[0] = 'mstyle', displaystyle = false, mml}
+  if mml[0] ~= 'mtd' then
+    if display and mml[0] == 'mstyle' and mml.displaystyle == true then
+      mml[0], mml.displaystyle, mml.scriptlevel = 'mtd', nil, nil
+    else
+      if display and mml[0] ~= 'mstyle' then
+        mml = {[0] = 'mstyle', displaystyle = false, mml}
+      end
+      mml = {[0] = 'mtd', mml}
     end
-    mml = {[0] = 'mtd', mml}
   end
   table.insert(store_get_row(), mml)
   return mml
 end
 
-local function store_column(startmath, display)
+local function store_column(startmath)
   local props = properties[startmath]
   if not props then return end
-  local mml = props.saved_mathml_table
-  if mml then return store_column_xml(mml, display) end
+  local mml = props.saved_mathml_table or props.saved_mathml_core
+  if mml then return store_column_xml(mml) end
 end
 
 local function store_tag(xml)
   local mml_row = store_get_row()
-  mml_row[0] = 'mlabeledtr'
+  xml.intent = ':equation-label'
   table.insert(mml_row, 1, xml)
   last_tag = nil
 end
 
+local function store_notag(xml)
+  local mml_row = store_get_row()
+  xml.intent = ':no-equation-label'
+  table.insert(mml_row, 1, xml)  
+end
+
+local function set_row_attribute(name, value)
+  local mml_row = store_get_row()
+  mml_row[name] = value
+end
+
 luatexbase.add_to_callback('hpack_filter', function(_, group)
   if group ~= 'fin_row' then return true end
 
@@ -83,5 +111,7 @@ return {
   store_column = store_column,
   store_column_xml = store_column_xml,
   store_tag = store_tag,
+  store_notag = store_notag,
+  set_row_attribute = set_row_attribute,
   get_table = get_table,
 }

luamml-tex-annotate.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+local nest = tex.nest
+
+local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+
+local mark_environment = {
+  data = {
+  },
+}
+do
+  local _ENV = mark_environment
+  function consume_label(label, fn)
+    local mathml = data.mathml[label]
+    data.mathml[label] = nil
+    if fn then fn(mathml) end
+    return mathml
+  end
+end
+
+local function annotate()
+  local annotation, err = load( 'return {'
+      .. token.scan_argument()
+    .. '}', nil, 't', mark_environment)
+  if not annotation then
+    tex.error('Error while parsing LuaMML annotation', {err})
+    return 0
+  end
+  annotation = annotation()
+  local nesting = nest.top
+  local props = properties[nesting.head]
+  local current = props and props.luamml__annotate_context
+  if current then
+    current, props.luamml__annotate_context = current.head, current.prev
+  else
+    tex.error('Mismatched LuaMML annotation',
+      {'Something odd happened. Maybe you forgot braces around an annotated symbol in a subscript or superscript?'})
+    return 0
+  end
+  local after = nesting.tail
+  local count, offset = 0, annotation.offset
+  local marked
+  if current == after then
+    tex.error'Empty LuaMML annotation'
+  else
+    repeat
+      current = current.next
+      count = count + 1
+      if count == offset then
+        marked = current
+      elseif offset or current ~= after then
+        local props = properties[current]
+        if not props then
+          props = {}
+          properties[current] = props
+        end
+        props.mathml_table, props.mathml_core = nil, false
+      end
+    until current == after
+    if offset and not marked then
+      tex.error'Invalid offset in LuaMML annotation'
+    end
+    marked = marked or current
+    if annotation.nucleus then
+      marked = marked.nucleus
+    end
+    if marked then
+      local props = properties[marked]
+      if not props then
+        props = {}
+        properties[marked] = props
+      end
+      if annotation.core ~= nil then
+        props.mathml_core = annotation.core
+      end
+      if annotation.struct ~= nil then
+        local saved = props.mathml_filter
+        local struct = annotation.struct
+        function props.mathml_filter(mml, core)
+          mml[':struct'] = struct
+          if saved then
+            return saved(mml, core)
+          else
+            return mml, core
+          end
+        end
+      end
+      if annotation.structnum ~= nil then
+        local saved = props.mathml_filter
+        local structnum = annotation.structnum
+        function props.mathml_filter(mml, core)
+          mml[':structnum'] = structnum
+          if saved then
+            return saved(mml, core)
+          else
+            return mml, core
+          end
+        end
+      end            
+    else
+      tex.error'Unable to annotate nucleus of node without nucleus'
+    end
+  end
+  return count
+end
+
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_begin:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_begin:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  local top = nest.top
+  local temp = top.head
+  local props = properties[temp]
+  if not props then
+    props = {}
+    properties[temp] = props
+  end
+  props.luamml__annotate_context = {
+    prev = props.luamml__annotate_context,
+    head = top.tail,
+  }
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_end:we'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_end:we', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  local count = token.scan_int()
+  local real_count = annotate()
+  if count ~= real_count then
+    tex.error('Incorrect count in LuaMML annotation', {
+        'A LuaMML annotation was discovered with an explicit count \z
+        which was not the same as the number of top-level nodes annotated.',
+        string.format('This can be fixed by changing the supplied count from %i to %i \z
+          or by omitting the count value entirely.', count, real_count)
+    })
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'__luamml_annotate_end:e'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_annotate_end:e', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = annotate
+
+return mark_environment

luamml-tex.lua

@@ -5,8 +5,43 @@ local register_family = mlist_to_mml.register_family
 
 local mappings = require'luamml-legacy-mappings'
 local write_xml = require'luamml-xmlwriter'
+local write_struct = require'luamml-structelemwriter'
+
+local filename_token = token.create'l__luamml_filename_tl'
+local label_token = token.create'l__luamml_label_tl'
+local left_brace = token.new(string.byte'{', 1)
+local right_brace = token.new(string.byte'}', 2)
+
+local output_hook_token
+local global_text_families = {}
+local text_families_meta = {__index = function(t, fam)
+  if fam == nil then return nil end
+  local assignment = global_text_families[fam]
+  if assignment == nil then
+    local fid = node.family_font(fam)
+    local fontdir = font.getfont(fid)
+    if not fontdir then
+      -- FIXME(?): If there is no font...
+      error'Please load your fonts?!?'
+    end
+    assignment = not (fontdir.MathConstants and next(fontdir.MathConstants))
+  end
+  t[fam] = assignment
+  return assignment
+end}
 
 local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+local mmode, hmode, vmode do
+  local result, input = {}, tex.getmodevalues()
+  for k,v in next, tex.getmodevalues() do
+    if v == 'math' then mmode = k
+    elseif v == 'horizontal' then hmode = k
+    elseif v == 'vertical' then vmode = k
+    else assert(v == 'unset')
+    end
+  end
+  assert(mmode and hmode and vmode)
+end
 
 local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'RegisterFamilyMapping'
 token.set_lua('RegisterFamilyMapping', funcid, 'protected')
@@ -15,70 +50,128 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   local mapping = token.scan_string()
   if mappings[mapping] then
     register_family(fam, mappings[mapping])
+    if global_text_families[fam] == nil then
+      global_text_families[fam] = false
+    end
   else
     tex.error(string.format('Unknown font mapping %q', mapping))
   end
 end
 
--- Possible flag values:
---   0: Normal (This is the only supported one in display mode)
---   1: Like 0, result is display math
---   2: Generate MathML, but only save it for later usage in startmath node
---   3: Skip
---   4: Prepend node list from buffer before generating
---   5: Like 5, result is display math
---   6: 2+4
---   7: Skip but save copy of node list in buffer
---
---  In other words:
---    Bit 1: Suppress output
---    Bit 0: Force display if 1 isn't set, if it is then skip MathML generation
---    Bit 2: Integrate with table mechanism
+local funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'RegisterFamilyMapping'
+token.set_lua('RegisterTextFamily', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  local fam = token.scan_int()
+  local _kind = token.scan_string()
+  global_text_families[fam] = true
+end
 
-local mlist_buffer
-local mlist_result, mlist_display
-
-local function save_result(xml, display)
-  mlist_result, mlist_display = xml, display
-  if tex.count.tracingmathml > 1 then
-    -- Here xml gets wrapped in an mrow to avoid modifying it.
-    texio.write_nl(write_xml(make_root({[0] = 'mrow', xml}, display and 0 or 2)) .. '\n')
+local function shallow_copy(t)
+  local tt = {}
+  for k,v in next, t do
+    tt[k] = v
   end
+  return tt
+end
+
+-- Possible flag values:
+--   0: Skip
+--   1: Generate MathML, but only save it for later usage in startmath node
+--   3: Normal (This is the only supported one in display mode)
+--  11: Generate MathML structure elements
+--
+--  More generally, flags is a bitfield with the defined bits:
+--    Bit 5-7: See Bit 4
+--    Bit 4: Overwrite mathstyle with bit 9-11
+--    Bit 3: Generate MathML structure elements
+--    Bit 2: Change root element name for saved element
+--    Bit 1: Save MathML as a fully converted formula
+--    Bit 0: Save MathML for later usage in startmath node. Ignored for display math.
+
+local out_file
+
+local mlist_result
+
+local undefined_cmd = token.command_id'undefined_cs'
+local call_cmd = token.command_id'call'
+
+local labelled_mathml = {}
+
+local function save_result(xml, display, structelem)
+  mlist_result = make_root(xml, display and 0 or 2)
+  if out_file then
+    out_file:write(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 1 == 1):sub(2) .. '\n')
+  else
+    token.put_next(filename_token)
+    local filename = token.scan_argument()
+    if filename ~= '' then
+      assert(io.open(filename, 'w'))
+        :write(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 1 == 1):sub(2) .. '\n')
+        :close()
+    end
+  end
+  local tracing = tex.count.tracingmathml > 1
+  if tracing then
+    texio.write_nl(write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 2 == 2) .. '\n')
+  end
+  if output_hook_token then
+    tex.runtoks(function()
+      tex.sprint(-2, output_hook_token, left_brace, write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 4 == 4), right_brace)
+    end)
+  end
+  if tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int & 8 == 8 then
+    write_struct(mlist_result)
+  end
+  return mlist_result
 end
 
 luatexbase.add_to_callback('pre_mlist_to_hlist_filter', function(mlist, style)
-  local flag = tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int
-  if flag & 3 == 3 then
-    if flag & 4 == 4 then
-      assert(mlist_buffer == nil)
-      mlist_buffer = node.copy_list(mlist)
-    end
+  if tex.nest.top.mode == mmode then -- This is a equation label generated with \eqno
     return true
   end
-  local new_mlist, buffer_tail
+  local flag = tex.count.l__luamml_flag_int
+  if flag & 3 == 0 then
+    return true
+  end
+  local display = style == 'display'
+  local startmath = tex.nest.top.tail -- Must come before any write_struct calls which adds nodes
+  style = flag & 16 == 16 and flag>>5 & 0x7 or display and 0 or 2
+  local xml, core = process_mlist(mlist, style, setmetatable({}, text_families_meta))
+  if flag & 2 == 2 then
+    xml = save_result(shallow_copy(xml), display)
+  end
   if flag & 4 == 4 then
-    new_mlist, buffer_tail = assert(mlist_buffer), node.tail(mlist_buffer)
-    mlist.prev, buffer_tail.next = buffer_tail, mlist
-    mlist_buffer = nil
-  else
-    new_mlist = mlist
+    local element_type = token.get_macro'l__luamml_root_tl'
+    if element_type ~= 'mrow' then
+      if xml[0] == 'mrow' then
+        xml[0] = element_type
+      else
+        xml = {[0] = element_type, xml}
+      end
+    end
   end
-  local xml = process_mlist(new_mlist, style == 'display' and 0 or 2)
-  if flag & 2 == 0 then
-    save_result(xml, style == 'display' or flag & 1 == 1)
-  end
-  if style == 'text' then
-    local startmath = tex.nest.top.tail
+  if not display and flag & 1 == 1 then
     local props = properties[startmath]
     if not props then
       props = {}
       properties[startmath] = props
     end
-    props.saved_mathml_table = xml
-  end
-  if buffer_tail then
-    mlist.prev, buffer_tail.next = nil, nil
-    node.flush_list(new_mlist)
+    props.saved_mathml_table, props.saved_mathml_core = xml, core
+    token.put_next(label_token)
+    local label = token.scan_argument()
+    if label ~= '' then
+      if labelled_mathml[label] then
+        tex.error('MathML Label already in use', {
+            'A MathML expression has a label which is already used by another \z
+             formula. If you do not want to label this formula with a unique \z
+             label, set a empty label instead.'})
+      else
+        labelled_mathml[label] = xml
+      end
+    end
+    if flag & 10 == 8 then
+      write_struct(xml, true) -- This modifies xml in-place to reference the struture element
+    end
   end
   return true
 end, 'dump_list')
@@ -91,7 +184,7 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
         "I was asked to provide MathML code for the last formula, but there weren't any new formulas since you last asked."
       })
   end
-  local mml = write_xml(make_root(mlist_result, mlist_display and 0 or 2))
+  local mml = write_xml(mlist_result, tex.count.l__luamml_pretty_int & 8 == 8)
   if tex.count.tracingmathml == 1 then
     texio.write_nl(mml .. '\n')
   end
@@ -99,6 +192,41 @@ lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
   mlist_result = nil
 end
 
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_begin_single_file:'
+token.set_lua('luamml_begin_single_file:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  token.put_next(filename_token)
+  local filename = token.scan_argument()
+  if filename ~= '' then
+    out_file = assert(io.open(filename, 'w'))
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_end_single_file:'
+token.set_lua('luamml_end_single_file:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  if out_file then
+    out_file:close()
+    out_file = nil
+  end
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_register_output_hook:N'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_register_output_hook:N', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  output_hook_token = token.get_next()
+end
+
+funcid = luatexbase.new_luafunction'luamml_disable_output_hook:'
+token.set_lua('__luamml_disable_output_hook:', funcid, 'protected')
+lua.get_functions_table()[funcid] = function()
+  output_hook_token = nil
+end
+
+local annotate_context = require'luamml-tex-annotate'
+annotate_context.data.mathml = labelled_mathml
+
 return {
   save_result = save_result,
+  labelled = labelled_mathml,
 }

luamml-xmlwriter.lua

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ local escapes = {
   ['&'] = "&",
 }
 local function escape_text(text)
-  return string.gsub(tostring(text), '("<>&)', escapes)
+  return string.gsub(string.gsub(tostring(text), '["<>&]', escapes), '[\x00-\x08\x0B\x0C\x0E-\x1F]', function(x)
+    return string.format('^^%02x', string.byte(x))
+  end)
 end
 
 local attrs = {}
@@ -19,8 +21,11 @@ local function write_elem(tree, indent)
   local escaped_name = escape_name(assert(tree[0]))
   local i = 0
   for attr, val in next, tree do if type(attr) == 'string' then
-    i = i + 1
-    attrs[i] = string.format(' %s="%s"', escape_name(attr), escape_text(val))
+    if not string.find(attr, ':', 1, true) then
+    -- if string.byte(attr) ~= 0x3A then
+      i = i + 1
+      attrs[i] = string.format(' %s="%s"', escape_name(attr), escape_text(val))
+    end
   end end
   table.sort(attrs)
   local out = string.format('%s<%s%s', indent or '', escaped_name, table.concat(attrs))
@@ -29,15 +34,24 @@ local function write_elem(tree, indent)
     return out .. '/>'
   end
   out = out .. '>'
+  -- Never indent the content if it's purely text.
+  if #tree == 1 and type(tree[1]) == 'string' then
+    indent = nil
+  end
   local inner_indent = indent and indent .. '  '
+  local is_string
   for _, elem in ipairs(tree) do
     if type(elem) == 'string' then
-      if inner_indent then
+      if inner_indent and not is_string then
         out = out .. inner_indent
       end
       out = out .. escape_text(elem)
+      is_string = true
     else
-      out = out .. write_elem(elem, inner_indent)
+      if not elem['tex:ignore'] then
+        out = out .. write_elem(elem, inner_indent)
+      end
+      is_string = nil
     end
   end
   if indent then out = out .. indent end
@@ -46,5 +60,5 @@ end
 
 return function(element, indent, version)
   return (version == '11' and '<?xml version="1.1"?>' or '') ..
-    write_elem(element, indent and '' or nil)
+    write_elem(element, indent and '\n' or nil)
 end

luamml.sty

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
-  {Feel free to add a description here}
-
-\int_new:N \l__luamml_flag_int
-\int_new:N \tracingmathml
-\lua_now:n { require'luamml-tex' }
-
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_save: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 2 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_ignore: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 3 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_alignment_left: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 7 }
-}
-\cs_new:Nn \luamml_flag_alignment_right: {
-  \int_set:Nn \l__luamml_flag_int { 6 }
-}
-
-\cs_new:Npn \__luamml_patch_package:nn #1 #2 {
-  \@ifpackageloaded {#1} {#2} {
-    \hook_gput_code:nnn {package/after/#1} {luamml} {#2}
-  }
-}
-\cs_new:Npn \__luamml_patch_package:n #1 {
-  \__luamml_patch_package:nn {#1} {
-    \RequirePackage { luamml-patches-#1 }
-  }
-}
-\__luamml_patch_package:n {amsmath}
-\__luamml_patch_package:n {array}

pdfmml-emulate-node.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+local properties = {}
+local subtypes = {
+  noad = {[0] = 'ord', 'opdisplaylimits', 'oplimits', 'opnolimits', 'bin', 'rel', 'open', 'close', 'punct', 'inner', 'under', 'over', 'vcenter'},
+  fence = {[0] = 'unset', 'left', 'middle', 'right', 'no'},
+  radical = {[0] = 'radical', 'uradical', 'uroot', 'uunderdelimiter', 'uoverdelimiter', 'udelimiterunder', 'udelimiterover'},
+}
+local function traverse_iter(context, head)
+  if head == nil then
+    head = context
+  else
+    head = head.next
+  end
+  if head then
+    return head, head.id, head.subtype
+  else
+    return nil
+  end
+end
+node = {
+  get_properties_table = function()
+    return properties
+  end,
+  id = function(name)
+    return name
+  end,
+  is_node = function(node)
+    return type(node) == 'table' and node.id and true or false
+  end,
+  subtypes = function(id)
+    return subtypes[id]
+  end,
+  traverse = function(head)
+    return traverse_iter, head, nil
+  end,
+  direct = {
+    todirect = function(n) return n end,
+  },
+}
+tex.nulldelimiterspace = tex.nulldelimiterspace or 78643 -- 1.2pt

pdfmml-logreader.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+local l = lpeg or require'lpeg'
+
+local line = (1-l.P'\n')^0 * '\n'
+
+local id = l.R'09'^1/tonumber
+local non_final_list_block = (l.C((1-l.P'\n')^1) * '\n' - '### ' + '\n')^0
+local math_lists_block = l.Ct('### ' * l.Cg(l.C'display' * ' ', 'display')^-1 * 'math mode entered at line ' * l.Cg(l.R'09'^1 / tonumber, 'line') * '\n'
+                       * non_final_list_block)^1
+local generic_list_block = '### ' * (line - 'current page:') * non_final_list_block
+local luamml_block = l.Cg('LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:' * id * ':' * l.Ct(
+   l.Cg(id, 'flag') * ':' * l.Cg((1-l.S':\n')^0, 'tag') * ':' * l.Cg((1-l.P'\n')^1, 'label')^-1 * l.P'\n'^1
+   
+ * (math_lists_block + generic_list_block/0)^0
+ * (line - 'LUAMML_FORMULA_END\n')^0
+ * 'LUAMML_FORMULA_END\n') * l.Cc'groups')
+
+local luamml_mark = l.Cg('LUAMML_MARK:' * id * ':' * l.Cs((1 - l.P'\n' + l.Cg('\n' * l.Cc'' - '\nLUAMML_MARK_END\n'))^0) * '\nLUAMML_MARK_END\n' * l.Cc'marks')
+
+local function add(a, b) return a + b end
+local count_block = '### ' * line * l.Cf(l.Cc(0) * (('\\' * l.Cc(1))^-1 * line - '### ')^0, add)
+local luamml_precount = l.Cg('LUAMML_COUNT:' * id * l.P'\n'^1
+                      * count_block * l.Cc'precount')
+
+local luamml_postcount = l.Cg('LUAMML_COUNT_END:' * id * l.P'\n'^1
+                       * count_block * l.Cc'postcount')
+
+local luamml_instruction = l.Cg('LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:' * l.Cc(nil) * l.C((1 - l.P'\n')^0) * '\n' * l.Cc'instructions')
+
+local function multi_table_set(t, key, value, table)
+  table = t[table]
+  table[key or #table + 1] = value
+  return t
+end
+local log_file = l.Cf(l.Ct(l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'groups')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'precount')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'postcount')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'marks')
+                    * l.Cg(l.Ct'', 'instructions'))
+               * (luamml_block + luamml_mark + luamml_instruction + luamml_precount  + luamml_postcount + line)^0,
+               multi_table_set)
+
+return function(filename)
+  local f
+  if filename and filename ~= '-' then
+    local msg f, msg = assert(io.open(filename, 'r'))
+    if not f then return f, msg end
+  end
+  local content = (f or io.stdin):read'a'
+  if f then f:close() end
+  -- The following does *not* end with * -1 since we want to allow the last line to not end with \n.
+  -- In that case we ignore the last line, but that's safe since the last line never contains our markers.
+  local parsed = assert(log_file:match(content))
+  local precount, postcount, count = parsed.precount, parsed.postcount, {}
+  for id, pre in next, precount do
+    local post = assert(postcount[id], 'Unbalanced count')
+    count[id], postcount[id] = post-pre, nil
+  end
+  assert(not next(postcount), 'Unbalanced count')
+  parsed.precount, parsed.postcount, parsed.count = nil, nil, count
+  return parsed
+end

pdfmml-showlists.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+require'pdfmml-emulate-node'
+
+local properties = node.get_properties_table()
+
+local l = lpeg or require'lpeg'
+local hex_digit = l.R('09', 'af')
+local function hex_to_int(s) return tonumber(s, 16) end
+local tex_char = l.Cg('^^' * (hex_digit * hex_digit / hex_to_int
+                           + l.R'\0\x3F' / function(s) return s:byte() + 0x40  end
+                           + l.R'\x40\x7F' / function(s) return s:byte() - 0x40  end)
+                   + l.P(1) / string.byte)
+
+local scaled = l.P'-'^-1 * l.R'09'^1 * '.' * l.R'09'^1 / function(s) return (tonumber(s * 0x10000) + .5) // 1 end
+local int = l.P'-'^-1 * l.R'09'^1 / tonumber
+local glue_order_mu = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                    + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                    + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                    + 'mu' * l.Cc(0)
+local glue_order_pt = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                    + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                    + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                    + 'pt' * l.Cc(0)
+local glue_order = 'filll' * l.Cc(3)
+                 + 'fill' * l.Cc(2)
+                 + 'fil' * l.Cc(1)
+                 + l.Cc(0)
+local delimiter_code = '"' * (l.R('09', 'AF')^1 / function(s)
+  local code = tonumber(s, 16)
+  return {id = 'delim',
+    small_fam = (code >> 20) & 0xF,
+    small_char = (code >> 12) & 0xFF,
+    large_fam = (code >> 8) & 0xF,
+    large_char = code & 0xFF,
+  }
+end)
+
+local balanced_braces = l.Ct{'{' * (1-l.S'{}'+l.V(1))^0 * '}'}
+
+local math_char = l.Ct('\\fam' * l.Cg(l.R'09'^1 / tonumber, 'fam') * ' ' * l.Cg(tex_char, 'char') * l.Cg(l.Cc'math_char', 'id'))
+
+local hdw = '(' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'height') * '+' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'depth') * ')x' * l.Cg(scaled + '*' * l.Cc(-0x40000000), 'width')
+
+local generic_simple_node = l.Ct('\\' * (
+  l.Cg('rule', 'id') * hdw
+  + l.Cg('kern', 'id') * l.Cg(' ' * l.Cc(1) + l.Cc(0), 'subtype') * l.Cg(scaled, 'kern') * (' (for ' * (l.R'az' + l.S'/\\') * ')')^-1
+  + l.Cg('glue', 'id') * l.Cg('(\\' * (
+        'line' * l.Cc(1)
+      + 'baseline' * l.Cc(2)
+      + 'par' * l.Cc(3)
+      + 'abovedisplay' * l.Cc(4)
+      + 'belowdisplay' * l.Cc(5)
+      + 'abovedisplayshort' * l.Cc(6)
+      + 'belowdisplayshort' * l.Cc(7)
+      + 'left' * l.Cc(8)
+      + 'right' * l.Cc(9)
+      + 'top' * l.Cc(10)
+      + 'splittop' * l.Cc(11)
+      + 'tab' * l.Cc(12)
+      + 'space' * l.Cc(13)
+      + 'xspace' * l.Cc(14)
+      + 'parfill' * l.Cc(15)
+      + 'math' * l.Cc(16)
+      + 'thinmu' * l.Cc(17)
+      + 'medmu' * l.Cc(18)
+      + 'thickmu' * l.Cc(19)) * 'skip)' + l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+    * ' ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'width')
+    * (' plus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'stretch') * l.Cg(glue_order, 'stretch_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch_order'))
+    * (' minus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'shrink') * l.Cg(glue_order, 'shrink_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink_order'))
+  + l.Cg('penalty', 'id') * ' ' * l.Cg(int, 'penalty')
+  + l.Cg('mark', 'id') * l.Cg('s' * int + l.Cc(0), 'class') * l.Cg(balanced_braces, 'mark')
+)) * -1
+
+local simple_noad = l.Ct('\\' * (
+    'math' * l.Cg(
+        'ord' * l.Cc(0)
+      + 'open' * l.Cc(6)
+      + 'op\\limits' * l.Cc(2)
+      + 'op\\nolimits' * l.Cc(3)
+      + 'op' * l.Cc(1)
+      + 'bin' * l.Cc(4)
+      + 'rel' * l.Cc(5)
+      + 'close' * l.Cc(7)
+      + 'punct' * l.Cc(8)
+      + 'inner' * l.Cc(9)
+      + 'under' * l.Cc(10)
+      + 'over' * l.Cc(11)
+      + 'vcenter' * l.Cc(12)
+      , 'subtype') * l.Cg(l.Cc'noad', 'id')
+  + l.Cg('radical', 'id') * l.Cg(delimiter_code, 'left') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('accent', 'id') * l.Cg(math_char, 'accent') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('left' * l.Cc(1)
+       + 'middle' * l.Cc(2)
+       + 'right' * l.Cc(3), 'subtype') * l.Cg(delimiter_code, 'delim')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'options') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'height')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'depth') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'height')
+           * l.Cg(l.Cc(-1), 'class') * l.Cg(l.Cc'fence', 'id')
+  + l.Cg(
+      'display' * l.Cc(0)
+    + 'text' * l.Cc(2)
+    + 'scriptscript' * l.Cc(6)
+    + 'script' * l.Cc(4), 'subtype') * l.Cg('style', 'id')
+  + 'm' * l.Cg('kern', 'id') * l.Cg(scaled, 'kern') * 'mu' * l.Cg(l.Cc(99), 'subtype')
+  + l.Cg('glue', 'id') * (
+      '(\\nonscript)' * l.Cg(l.Cc(98), 'subtype')
+    + '(\\mskip)' * l.Cg(l.Cc(99), 'subtype')
+      * ' ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'width') * 'mu'
+      * (' plus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'stretch') * l.Cg(glue_order_mu, 'stretch_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'stretch_order'))
+      * (' minus ' * l.Cg(scaled, 'shrink') * l.Cg(glue_order_mu, 'shrink_order') + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'shrink_order'))
+    )
+  )) * -1
++ generic_simple_node
+
+local simple_text = l.Ct('\\' * (
+    l.Cg('math', 'id') * l.Cg(
+        'on' * l.Cc(0)
+      + 'off' * l.Cc(1)
+      , 'subtype') * l.Cg(', surrounded ' * scaled + l.Cc(0), 'surround')
+  )) * -1
++ generic_simple_node
+
+local box_node = l.Ct('\\' * l.Cg('h' * l.Cc'hlist'
+                                + 'v' * l.Cc'vlist') * 'box'
+                              * hdw
+                              * (', glue set ' * l.Cg('- ' * l.Cc(2) + l.Cc(1), 'glue_sign')
+                                 * l.Cg(scaled/function (s) return s/65536 end, 'glue_set')
+                                 * l.Cg(glue_order, 'glue_order')
+                                 + l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_sign') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_set') * l.Cg(l.Cc(0), 'glue_order'))
+                              * l.Cg(', shifted ' * scaled + l.Cc(0), 'shift')) * -1
+
+local fraction_noad = l.Ct('\\fraction, thickness '
+                    * l.Cg('= default' * l.Cc(0x40000000) + scaled, 'width')
+                    * l.Cg(', left-delimiter ' * delimiter_code, 'left')^-1 * l.Cg(', right-delimiter ' * delimiter_code, 'right')^-1
+                    * l.Cg(l.Cc'fraction', 'id'))
+                    * -1
+
+local mathchoice_noad = l.Ct('\\mathchoice' * l.Cg(l.Cc'choice', 'id') * -1)
+
+local mark_whatsit = '\\write' * ('-' + l.R'09'^1) * '{LUAMML_MARK_REF:' * (l.R'09'^1/tonumber) * ':'
+
+local parse_list
+local function parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  local line = lines[i]
+  if not line or line:sub(1, #prefix) ~= prefix then return nil, i end
+  local result = math_char:match(lines[i], #prefix + 1)
+  if result then return result, i+1 end
+  if box_node:match(lines[i], #prefix + 1) then return skip_list(lines, i+1, prefix .. '.') end
+  result, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  return {list = result, id = 'sub_mlist'}, i
+end
+function skip_list(lines, i, prefix)
+  i = i or 1
+  local count = #lines
+  while i <= count and lines[i]:sub(1, #prefix) == prefix do
+    i = i + 1
+  end
+  return {id = 'sub_box', list = {}}, i
+end
+function parse_list(lines, i, prefix, parsed)
+  i = i or 1
+  prefix = prefix or ''
+  local head, last
+  local mark_environment = {data = parsed,}
+  local current_mark, current_count, current_offset
+  while true do
+    local skip
+    local line = lines[i]
+    if not line or line:sub(1, #prefix) ~= prefix then break end
+    local simple = simple_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+    if simple then
+      simple.nucleus, i = parse_kernel(lines, i + 1, prefix .. '.', parsed)
+      simple.sup, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '^', parsed)
+      simple.sub, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '_', parsed)
+      if last then
+        simple.prev, last.next = last, simple
+      end
+      last = simple
+    else
+      local fraction = fraction_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+      if fraction then
+        fraction.num, i = parse_kernel(lines, i + 1, prefix .. '\\', parsed)
+        fraction.denom, i = parse_kernel(lines, i, prefix .. '/', parsed)
+        if last then
+          fraction.prev, last.next = last, fraction
+        end
+        last = fraction
+      else
+        local mathchoice = mathchoice_noad:match(line, #prefix+1)
+        if mathchoice then
+          mathchoice.display, i = parse_list(lines, i + 1, prefix .. 'D', parsed)
+          mathchoice.text, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 'T', parsed)
+          mathchoice.script, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 'S', parsed)
+          mathchoice.scriptscript, i = parse_list(lines, i, prefix .. 's', parsed)
+          if last then
+            mathchoice.prev, last.next = last, mathchoice
+          end
+          last = mathchoice
+        else
+          skip = true
+          local mark = mark_whatsit:match(line, #prefix+1)
+          if mark then
+            local mark_table = assert(load('return {' .. assert(parsed.marks[mark], 'Undefined mark encountered') .. '}', nil, 't', mark_environment))()
+            if current_mark then
+              if (mark_table.count or 1) > current_count then
+                error'Invalid mark nesting'
+              end
+              -- Ignore new mark if existing mark is evaluated. This should be replaced with proper nesting
+            else
+              current_mark, current_count = mark_table, mark_table.count or 1
+              current_offset = mark_table.offset or current_count
+            end
+            i = i + 1
+          else
+            print(line, prefix, i)
+            print('unknown noad ' .. line:sub(#prefix+1))
+            i = i + 1
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+    if not head then head = last end
+    if not skip and current_mark then
+      current_count = current_count - 1
+      current_offset = current_offset - 1
+      if current_offset == 0 then
+        properties[current_mark.nucleus and last.nucleus or last] = {mathml_core = current_mark.core}
+      else
+        properties[last] = {mathml_core = false}
+      end
+      if current_count == 0 then current_mark = nil end
+    end
+  end
+  return head, i
+end
+return parse_list

pdfmml.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env texlua
+require'pdfmml-emulate-node'
+local convert = require'luamml-convert'
+local mappings = require'luamml-legacy-mappings'
+local to_xml = require'luamml-xmlwriter'
+
+local parse_showlists = require'pdfmml-showlists'
+local parse_log = require'pdfmml-logreader'
+
+local text_families = {}
+
+local attributes = lfs.attributes
+local function try_extensions_(base, extension, ...)
+  if extension == nil then return end
+  local fullname = base .. extension
+  if attributes(fullname, 'mode') == 'file' then
+    return fullname
+  end
+  return try_extensions_(base, ...)
+end
+local function try_extensions(base, ...)
+  if attributes(base, 'mode') == 'file' then return base end
+  return try_extensions_(base, ...)
+end
+
+if #arg < 1 then
+  io.stderr:write(string.format('Usage: %s {logname} [{outname}]\n\z
+    If {outname} includes {}, then a separate file is written for every formula with {} replaced by the formula id.\n', arg[0]))
+  os.exit(1)
+end
+local parsed = assert(parse_log(assert(try_extensions(arg[1], '.tml', '.log'),
+      "Couldn't find input file.")))
+
+for i, inst in ipairs(parsed.instructions) do
+  local _, _, family, mapping_name = inst:find'^REGISTER_MAPPING:([0-9]+):(.*)$'
+  if family then
+    local mapping = mappings[mapping_name]
+    if mapping then
+      convert.register_family(tonumber(family), mapping)
+    else
+      io.stderr:write(string.format('Unknown mapping %s ignored\n', mapping_name))
+    end
+  else
+    io.stderr:write'Unknown instruction ignored\n'
+  end
+end
+
+local out_prefix, out_suffix, out_stream
+if not arg[2] or arg[2] == '-' then
+  out_stream = io.stdout
+else
+  local _ _, _, out_prefix, out_suffix = arg[2]:find'^(.*){}(.*)$'
+  if not out_prefix then
+    out_stream = assert(io.open(arg[2], 'w'))
+  end
+end
+parsed.mathml = {}
+
+local function shallow_copy(t)
+  local new = {}
+  for k, v in next, t do
+    new[k] = v
+  end
+  return new
+end
+
+-- Currently only 3 flag values are supported:
+--   0: Ignore (Doesn't make a lot of sense here)
+--   1: Only save
+--   3: Generate normally
+for i, block in ipairs(parsed.groups) do
+  local flag, tag, label = block.flag, block.tag, block.label
+  block = block[1]
+  if flag & 3 ~= 0 then
+    local style = flag & 16 == 16 and flag>>5 & 0x7 or block.display and 0 or 2
+    local xml = convert.process(parse_showlists(block, nil, nil, parsed), style, text_families)
+    if flag & 2 == 2 then
+      local stream = out_stream or assert(io.open(out_prefix .. tostring(i) .. out_suffix, 'w'))
+      stream:write(to_xml(convert.make_root(shallow_copy(xml), style)), '\n')
+      if not out_stream then stream:close() end
+    end
+    if tag ~= 'mrow' then
+      if xml[0] == 'mrow' then
+        xml[0] = tag
+      else
+        xml = {[0] = tag, xml}
+      end
+    end
+    if (not block.display) and flag & 1 == 1 and label then
+      if parsed.mathml[label] then
+        error'Invalid label reuse'
+      end
+      parsed.mathml[label] = xml
+    end
+  end
+end

support/luamml-algorithm.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+% \newcommand\Luamml{\pkg{Luamml}}
+% \newcommand\luamml{\pkg{luamml}}
+% \newcommand\xmltag[1]{\texttt{<#1>}}
+% \section{\Luamml's representation of XML and MathML}
+% In the following I assume basic familiarity with both Lua\TeX's representation of math noads and MathML.
+% 
+% \subsection{Representation of XML elements}
+% In many places, \luamml\ passes around XML elements. Every element is represented by a Lua table.
+% Element \texttt 0 must always be present and is a string representing the tag name.
+% The positive integer elements of the table represent child elements (either strings for direct text content or nested tables for nested elements).
+% All string members which do not start with a colon are attributes, whose value is the result of applying \texttt{tostring} to the field value.
+% This implies that these values should almost always be strings, except that the value \texttt 0 (since it never needs a unit) can often be set as a number.
+% For example the XML document
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% <math block="display">
+%   <mn>0</mn>
+%   <mo> &lt; </mo>
+%   <mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi>
+% </math>
+% \end{verbatim}
+% would be represented by the Lua table
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = "math", block="display",
+%   {[0] = "mn", "0"},
+%   {[0] = "mo", "<"},
+%   {[0] = "mi", mathvariant="normal", "x"}
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+% \subsection{Expression cores}
+% MathML knows the concept of \enquote{embellished operators}:
+% \begin{blockquote}
+%   The precise definition of an \enquote{embellished operator} is:
+%   \begin{itemize}
+%     \item an \xmltag{mo} element;
+%     \item or one of the elements \xmltag{msub}, \xmltag{msup}, \xmltag{msubsup}, \xmltag{munder}, \xmltag{mover}, \xmltag{munderover}, \xmltag{mmultiscripts}, \xmltag{mfrac}, or \xmltag{semantics} (§ 5.1 Annotation Framework), whose first argument exists and is an embellished operator;
+%     \item or one of the elements \xmltag{mstyle}, \xmltag{mphantom}, or \xmltag{mpadded}, such that an mrow containing the same arguments would be an embellished operator;
+%     \item or an \xmltag{maction} element whose selected sub-expression exists and is an embellished operator;
+%     \item or an \xmltag{mrow} whose arguments consist (in any order) of one embellished operator and zero or more space-like elements.
+%   \end{itemize}
+% \end{blockquote}
+% For every embellished operator, MathML calls the \xmltag{mo} element defining the embellished operator the \enquote{core} of the embellished operator.
+% 
+% \Luamml\ makes this slightly more general: Every expression is represented by a pair of two elements: The expression and it's core.
+% The core is always a \xmltag{mo}, \xmltag{mi}, or \xmltag{mn}, \texttt{nil} or s special marker for space like elements.
+% 
+% If and only if the element is a embellished operator the core is a \xmltag{mo} element representing the core of the embellished operator.
+% The core is a \xmltag{mi} or a \xmltag{mn} element if and only if the element would be an embellished operator with this core if this element where a \xmltag{mo} element.
+% The core is the special space like marker for space like elements. Otherwise the core is \texttt{nil}.
+% 
+% \subsection{Translation of math noads}
+% A math lists can contain the following node types: noad, fence, fraction, radical, accent, style, choice, ins, mark, adjust, boundary, whatsit, penalty, disc, glue, and kern. The \enquote{noads}
+% 
+% \subsubsection{Translation of kernel noads}
+% The math noads of this list contain nested kernel noads. So in the first step, we look into how kernel nodes are translated to math nodes.
+% 
+% \paragraph{\texttt{math_char} kernel noads}
+% First the family and character value in the \texttt{math_char} are used to lookup the Unicode character value of this \texttt{math_char}.
+% (For \texttt{unicode-math}, this is usually just the character value. Legacy maths has to be remapped based on the family.)
+% Then there are two cases: The digits \texttt{0} to \texttt{9} are mapped to \xmltag{mn} elements, everything else becomes a \xmltag{mi} element with \texttt{mathvariant} set to \texttt{normal}.
+% (The \texttt{mathvariant} value might get suppressed if the character defaults to mathvariant \texttt{normal}.)
+% In either case, the \texttt{tex:family} attribute is set to the family number if it's not \texttt{0}.
+% 
+% The core is always set to the expression itself. E.g.\ the \texttt{math_char} kernel noad \verb+\fam3 a+ would become (assuming no remapping for this family)
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = 'mi',
+%   mathvariant = 'normal',
+%   ["tex:family"] = 3,
+%   "a"
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{sub_box} kernel noads}
+% I am open to suggestions how to convert them properly.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{sub_mlist} kernel noads}
+% The inner list is converted as a \xmltag{mrow} element, with the core being the core of the \xmltag{mrow} element. See the rules for this later.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{delim} kernel noads}
+% If the \texttt{small_char} is zero, these get converted as space like elements of the form
+% \begin{verbatim}
+% {[0] = 'mspace',
+%   width = '1.196pt',
+% }
+% \end{verbatim}
+% where 1.196 is replaced by the current value of \verb+\nulldelimiterspace+ converted to \texttt{bp}.
+% 
+% Otherwise the same rules as for \texttt{math_char} apply,
+% except that instead of \texttt{mi} or \xmltag{mn} elements,
+% \texttt{mo} elements are generated,
+% \texttt{mathvariant} is never set,
+% \texttt{stretchy} is set to \texttt{true} if the operator is not on the list of default stretchy operators in the MathML specification 
+% nd \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} attributes are set to zero.
+% 
+% \subsubsection{\texttt{acc} kernel noads}
+% Depending on the surrounding element containing the \texttt{acc} kernel noad, it is either stretchy or not.
+% If it's stretchy, the same rules as for \texttt{delim} apply, except that \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} are not set.
+% Otherwise the \texttt{stretchy} attribute is set to false if the operator is on the list of default stretchy operators.

test_tex.tex

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-\documentclass{article}
-\usepackage{luamml}
-\usepackage{amsmath,array}
-
-\usepackage{unicode-math}
-%% Uncomment the following lines when used without unicode-math
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symsymbols{oms}
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symletters{oml}
-% \RegisterFamilyMapping\symlargesymbols{omx}
-
-\ExplSyntaxOn
-\tracingmathml=2
-\pdfvariable compresslevel=0
-\cs_new_protected:Npn \ShowMathMLObj {
-  \message { \luamml_get_last_mathml_stream:e{}~0~R }
-}
-\ExplSyntaxOff
-
-\begin{document}
-\[
-  \begin{pmatrix}
-    1 & 0 & 0 \\
-    0 & 1 & 0 \\
-    0 & 0 & 1
-  \end{pmatrix}
-  =
-  \begin{cases}
-    1 & $if $a=b\\
-    2 & $else$
-  \end{cases}
-\]
-\[
-  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
-\]
-\[
-  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
-\]
-
-\begin{align}
-  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
-  1+2&=3\\
-  5
-\end{align}
-
-Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
-\end{document}

testfiles-lua/cases.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mi>𝑏</mi>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>if&#160; 
+            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+              <mi>𝑎</mi>
+              <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+              <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            </math></mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>else</mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="1.196pt" />
+  </mrow>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mfrac>
+    <mrow>
+      <mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+      <mi>𝑏</mi>
+      <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
+      <msqrt>
+        <mrow>
+          <msup>
+            <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </msup>
+          <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+          <mn>4</mn>
+          <mi>𝑎</mi>
+          <mi>𝑐</mi>
+        </mrow>
+      </msqrt>
+    </mrow>
+    <mrow>
+      <mn>2</mn>
+      <mi>𝑎</mi>
+    </mrow>
+  </mfrac>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <munder>
+    <mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
+    <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  </munder>
+  <munder>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mo>_</mo>
+  </munder>
+  <mover>
+    <mi>𝑏</mi>
+    <mo stretchy="true">.</mo>
+  </mover>
+  <msup>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
+  </msup>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/cases.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+\[
+  \left(\begin{matrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{matrix}\right)
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \mbox{if $a=b$}\\
+    2 & \mbox{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_end_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt-xml.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <msqrt>
+    <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  </msqrt>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <msqrt>
+    <msqrt>
+      <mi>𝑥</mi>
+    </msqrt>
+  </msqrt>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <msqrt>
+    <mroot>
+      <msup>
+        <mi>𝑦</mi>
+        <mn>2</mn>
+      </msup>
+      <mn>3</mn>
+    </mroot>
+  </msqrt>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mroot>
+    <mi>𝑦</mi>
+    <mn>3</mn>
+  </mroot>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt-xml.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+$ \sqrt{x} $
+
+$ \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + 2 $
+
+$ x = \sqrt{\sqrt[3]{y^2}} $
+
+$\sqrt[3]{y}$
+\end{document}
+
+

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt.pvt

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\sys_gset_rand_seed:n{42}
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,math,table},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/structelem,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+
+$ \sqrt{x} $
+
+$ \sqrt{\sqrt{x}} + 2 $
+
+$ x = \sqrt{\sqrt[3]{y^2}} $
+
+$\sqrt[3]{y}$
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_sqrt.tpf

@@ -0,0 +1,990 @@
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+%ÌÕÁÔÅØÐÄÆ
+22 0 obj
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+stream
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+endstream
+endobj
+23 0 obj
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+    xmlns:pdf="http://ns.adobe.com/pdf/1.3/"
+    xmlns:xmpRights="http://ns.adobe.com/xap/1.0/rights/"
+    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
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testfiles-lua/test_struct.pvt

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+\sys_gset_rand_seed:n{42}
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,math,table},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/structelem,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+
+hello
+
+\[
+  \begin{pmatrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{pmatrix}
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \text{if $a=b$} \\
+    2 & \text{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+\begin{align}
+  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+  5
+\end{align}
+
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+
+\end{document}

testfiles-lua/test_structnum.pvt

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+ lang=en,
+ testphase={phase-III,math},
+ pdfversion=2.0,
+ pdfstandard=ua-2,
+ pdfstandard=a-4f,
+ uncompress
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+% suppress writing of luamml-mathml
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/luamml/write=false} %
+
+% suppress mathml-AF reading
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/sources=} %
+\tagpdfsetup{math/mathml/AF=false,attach-css=false}
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+
+\luamml_structelem:
+$a = b \quad
+ \tagstructbegin{tag=mtext,stash}\tagmcbegin{}
+ \luamml_annotate:en{nucleus=true,structnum=\tag_get:n{struct_num}}
+  {\mbox{some~text~with~\emph{structure}}}
+ \tagmcend\tagstructend 
+$
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+\end{document}
+

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testfiles-lua/test_xml.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mi>𝑏</mi>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>0</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd>
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="-4.981pt" />
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
+    <mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
+      <mtable>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>1</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>if&#160; 
+            <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+              <mi>𝑎</mi>
+              <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+              <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            </math></mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+        <mtr>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </mtd>
+          <mtd columnalign="left">
+            <mtext>else</mtext>
+          </mtd>
+        </mtr>
+      </mtable>
+    </mpadded>
+    <mspace width="1.196pt" />
+  </mrow>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mfrac>
+    <mrow>
+      <mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+      <mi>𝑏</mi>
+      <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
+      <msqrt>
+        <mrow>
+          <msup>
+            <mi>𝑏</mi>
+            <mn>2</mn>
+          </msup>
+          <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+          <mn>4</mn>
+          <mi>𝑎</mi>
+          <mi>𝑐</mi>
+        </mrow>
+      </msqrt>
+    </mrow>
+    <mrow>
+      <mn>2</mn>
+      <mi>𝑎</mi>
+    </mrow>
+  </mfrac>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <munder>
+    <mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
+    <mi>𝑎</mi>
+  </munder>
+  <munder>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mo>_</mo>
+  </munder>
+  <mover>
+    <mi>𝑏</mi>
+    <mo stretchy="true">.</mo>
+  </mover>
+  <msup>
+    <mi>𝑐</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
+  </msup>
+</math>
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mtable class="align" columnalign="left right left right left" columnspacing="0 0 .8em 0" displaystyle="true" intent=":system-of-equations">
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mi>𝑎</mi>
+        <mi>𝑏</mi>
+        <mi>𝑐</mi>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+        <mi>𝑑</mi>
+        <mi>𝑒</mi>
+        <mi>𝑓</mi>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd>
+        <msup>
+          <mi>𝑒</mi>
+          <mrow>
+            <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+            <mi>𝜋</mi>
+          </mrow>
+        </msup>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">=</mo>
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">−</mo>
+        <mn>1</mn>
+      </mtd>
+    </mtr>
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
+        <mn>1</mn>
+        <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+        <mn>2</mn>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium">
+        <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+        <mn>3</mn>
+        <mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+    </mtr>
+    <mtr>
+      <mtd>
+        <mn>5</mn>
+      </mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+      <mtd></mtd>
+      <mtd intent=":pause-medium"></mtd>
+    </mtr>
+  </mtable>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-lua/test_xml.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+\DocumentMetadata{
+  uncompress,
+  pdfversion = 2.0,
+  testphase = {phase-III,table,math},
+}
+\input{regression-test}
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{unicode-math}
+
+\begin{document}
+\ExplSyntaxOn
+\luamml_set_filename:n {
+    \jobname .mml
+  }
+\luamml_process:  
+\luamml_begin_single_file:
+\ExplSyntaxOff
+
+\[
+  \begin{pmatrix}
+    1 & 0 & 0 \\
+    0 & 1 & 0 \\
+    0 & 0 & 1
+  \end{pmatrix}
+  =
+  \begin{cases}
+    1 & \text{if $a=b$}\\
+    2 & \text{else}
+  \end{cases}
+\]
+
+\[
+  x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}.
+\]
+
+\[
+  \sum_a\underline c\dot bc'
+\]
+
+\begin{align}
+  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+  5
+\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0$.
+
+\end{document}

testfiles-pdf/test.mlr

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mi mathvariant="normal">∅</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">⊧</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑝</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑟</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑝</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑞</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
+  <mi>𝑟</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+</math>
+<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
+  <mrow>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
+  <mrow>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
+    <mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
+  </mrow>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
+  <mi>𝑥</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
+  <mn>2</mn>
+  <mi>𝜋</mi>
+  <mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
+  <mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
+  <mn>0</mn>
+</math>

testfiles-pdf/test.mlt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{luamml-demo}
+
+\begin{document}
+\[
+  \emptyset\models((p\Rightarrow q)\Rightarrow(q\Rightarrow r))\Rightarrow (p\Rightarrow (q\Rightarrow r))
+  \WriteoutFormula
+\]
+
+%\begin{align}
+%  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+%  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+%  &4\\
+%  5
+%\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0\WriteoutFormula$.
+\end{document}
+

testfiles-pdf/test_pdf.txr

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:2:oms
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:1:oml
+LUAMML_INSTRUCTION:REGISTER_MAPPING:3:omx
+LUAMML_MARK:1:count=3,nucleus=true,core={[0]='mi','\u{22a7}'},
+LUAMML_MARK_END
+LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:1:3:mrow:
+
+
+
+### display math mode entered at line 6
+\mathord
+.\fam2 ;
+\write3{LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:}
+\mathrel
+.\fam2 j
+\mathrel
+.\mkern-3.0mu
+\mathrel
+.\fam0 =
+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathord
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+\mathrel
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+\mathord
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+\mathclose
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+\mathopen
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+\mathord
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+\mathord
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+\mathclose
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+\mathopen
+.\fam0 (
+\mathord
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+\mathopen
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+\mathord
+.\fam1 q
+\mathrel
+.\fam2 )
+\mathord
+.\fam1 r
+\mathclose
+.\fam0 )
+\mathclose
+.\fam0 )
+
+### vertical mode entered at line 0
+### current page:
+\write-{}
+\glue(\topskip) 10.0
+\hbox(0.0+0.0)x345.0, glue set 330.0fil
+.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x15.0
+.\penalty 10000
+.\glue(\parfillskip) 0.0 plus 1.0fil
+.\glue(\rightskip) 0.0
+
+total height 10.0
+ goal height 550.0
+
+prevdepth 0.0, prevgraf 1 line
+
+
+! OK
+LUAMML_FORMULA_END
+LUAMML_FORMULA_BEGIN:2:3:mrow:
+
+
+
+### math mode entered at line 18
+\mathop\nolimits
+.\kern 0.0
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 s
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 i
+.\mathord
+..\fam0 n
+\mathopen
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+\mathclose
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+\mathop\nolimits
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+\mathord
+.\fam1 ^^Y
+\mathclose
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+\mathrel
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+\mathord
+.\fam0 0
+
+### horizontal mode entered at line 18
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+\OT1/cmr/m/n/10 s
+\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.11111
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+\glue 3.33333 plus 1.66666 minus 1.11111
+
+spacefactor 1000
+### vertical mode entered at line 0
+### current page:
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+\glue(\topskip) 10.0
+\hbox(0.0+0.0)x345.0, glue set 330.0fil
+.\hbox(0.0+0.0)x15.0
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+\hbox(7.5+2.5)x185.77597, shifted 79.61201, display
+.\OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 ;
+.\write3{LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:}
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+.\OMS/cmsy/m/n/10 j
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+\penalty 0
+\glue(\belowdisplayshortskip) 6.0 plus 3.0 minus 3.0
+\glue(\parskip) 0.0 plus 1.0
+\glue(\parskip) 0.0
+
+total height 30.5 plus 7.0 minus 3.0
+ goal height 550.0
+
+prevdepth 2.5
+
+
+! OK
+LUAMML_FORMULA_END
+LUAMML_MARK_REF:1:
+

testfiles-pdf/test_pdf.xrt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+\documentclass{article}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{luamml-demo}
+
+\begin{document}
+\[
+  \emptyset\models((p\Rightarrow q)\Rightarrow(q\Rightarrow r))\Rightarrow (p\Rightarrow (q\Rightarrow r))
+  \WriteoutFormula
+\]
+
+%\begin{align}
+%  abc&=def & e^{\mathrm{i}\pi}&=-1\\
+%  \Big(1+2&=3\Big)\\
+%  &4\\
+%  5
+%\end{align}
+
+Es gilt $\sin(x)-\sin(x+2\pi)=0\WriteoutFormula$.
+\end{document}
+