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README.md
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README.md
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# Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
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**Highly experimental! At this point all interfaces may change without prior warning and many features aren't implemented yet. It is not ready for anything beyond simple experiments.**
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# LuaMML: Automated LuaLaTeX math to MathML conversion
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This is an attempt to implement automatic conversion of LuaLaTeX inline and display math expressions into MathML code to aid with tagging.
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It works best with `unicode-math`, but it can also be used with traditional math fonts if mappings to Unicode are provided.
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## Installation
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Run `l3build install` to install `luamml` into your local `texmf` tree.
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## Demo
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Run `lualatex test_tex` to see all equations from [our example file](./test_tex.tex) converted into MathML.
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## Usage
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Add `\usepackage[tracing]{luamml-demo}` to print MathML to the terminal or `\usepackage[files]{luamml-demo}` to generate separate files with MathML output.
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Alternatively it can be used with latex-lab to automatically integrate with tagging infrastucture.
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To test it on your own files, add `\usepackage[tracing]{luamml-demo}` (to print MathML to the terminal) or `\usepackage[files]{luamml-demo}` to generate separate files with MathML output.
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Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex).
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<!-- Also see a [`tagpdf` experiment using this to tag PDF formulas](https://github.com/u-fischer/tagpdf/blob/develop/experiments/exp-mathml-lua.tex). -->
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If you are very brave you can also try running `pdflatex test_pdf` and afterwards run `./pdfmml.lua test_pdf.lua` to get pdflatex formulas converted.
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<!-- If you are very brave you can also try running `pdflatex test_pdf` and afterwards run `./pdfmml.lua test_pdf.lua` to get pdflatex formulas converted. -->
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@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ module = "luamml"
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tdsroot = "lualatex"
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installfiles = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty" }
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sourcefiles = { "luamml-*.lua", "*.sty", "*.dtx" }
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typesetsuppfiles = { "*.tex" }
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typesetsourcefiles = { "*.tex" }
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stdengine = "luatex"
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unpackfiles = { "*.dtx" }
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typesetexe = "lualatex"
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
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\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
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\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-demo}{2021-06-16}{v0.0.1}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml}
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\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-demo}{2024-08-14}{v0.1.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml}
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\sys_if_engine_luatex:F {
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\msg_new:nnn {luamml-demo} {pdftex-option-ignored} {Option~`#1'~is~being~ignored~in~pdfTeX~mode.}
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amsmath} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Feel free to add a description here}
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\lua_now:n { require'luamml-amsmath' }
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amstext} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-amstext} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Feel free to add a description here}
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\int_new:N \g__luamml_amsmath_text_struct_int
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-array} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-array} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Feel free to add a description here}
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\lua_now:n { require'luamml-array' }
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-kernel} {2021-05-30} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-kernel} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Feel free to add a description here}
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\cs_new:Npn \__luamml_kernel_phantom:nnn #1#2#3 {
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-lab-math} {2021-05-30} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-patches-lab-math} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Feel free to add a description here}
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\AddToHook{begindocument} {
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\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
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\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-pdf-demo}{2021-06-16}{v0.0.1}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml-pdf}
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\ProvidesExplPackage{luamml-pdf-demo}{2024-08-14}{v0.1.0}{Reasonable default definitions for luamml-pdf}
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\RequirePackage{luamml-pdf}% Loading luamml-pdf is pretty much the point
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% \RequirePackage{amsmath,array}% May come back if the patches get ported
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58
luamml.dtx
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luamml.dtx
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% \iffalse meta-comment
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%
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%% Copyright (C) 2020-2021 by Marcel Krueger
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%% Copyright (C) 2020-2024 by Marcel Krueger
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%%
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%% This file may be distributed and/or modified under the
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%% conditions of the LaTeX Project Public License, either
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\documentclass{l3doc}
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\usepackage{luamml}
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\usepackage{csquotes,luacolor}
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\MakeShortVerb{\|}
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\RecordChanges
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\begin{document}
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\tracingmathml2
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%</gobble>
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% \fi
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%
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% \title{The \pkg{luamml} package}
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%
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% \GetFileInfo{luamml.dtx}
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% \title{The \pkg{luamml} package%
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% \thanks{This doument corresponds to \pkg{luamml}~\fileversion, dated~\filedate.}%
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% }
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% \author{Marcel Krüger}
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%
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% \maketitle
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%
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% \begin{documentation}
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% \section{Use case}
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% When generating output for the web or tagged output, mathematical content should often be represented as MathML.
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% This uses Lua\TeX~callbacks to automatically attempt to convert Lua\TeX~math mode output into MathML.
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%
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% \section{Usage}
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% The \pkg{luamml} package is designed to be used in automated ways by other packages and usually should not be invoked directly by the end user.
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% For experiments, \texttt{luamml-demo} is included which provides easier to use interfaces.
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%
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% Add in your preamble
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% \begin{verbatim}
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% \usepackage[files]{luamml-demo}
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% \end{verbatim}
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% This will trigger the output of individual files for each block of math output containing corresponding MathML.
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%
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% Alternatively
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% \begin{verbatim}
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% \usepackage[l3build]{luamml-demo}
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% \end{verbatim}
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% will generate a single file witha concatenation of all MathML blocks.
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%
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% For automated use, the \pkg{luamml} package can be included directly, followed by enclosing blocks which should generate files with \cmd{luamml_begin_single_file:} and \cmd{luamml_end_single_file:}.
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% The filename can be set with \cmd{luamml_set_filename:n}.
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%
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% \section{Improving MathML conversion}
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% When using constructs which do not automatically get converted in acceptable form, conversion hints can be provided with \cmd{luamml_annotate:en}.
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% This allows to provide a replacement MathML structure in Lua table form, for example
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% \begin{verbatim}
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% \luamml_annotate:en {
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% nucleus = true,
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% core = {[0] = 'mi', 'TeX'},
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% }{
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% \hbox{\TeX}
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% }
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% \end{verbatim}
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% produces a |<mi>TeX</mi>| element in the output instead of trying to import \TeX~as a mathematical expression.
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% The table structure is explaned in an appendix.
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%
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% \section{Features \& Limitiations}
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% Currently all mathematical expressions which purely contain Unicode encoded math mode material without embedded non-math should get converted successfully.
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% Usage with non-Unicode math (\TeX's 8-bit math fonts) is highly experimental and undocumented.
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% Any attempt to build complicated structures by embedding arbitrary \TeX\ code in the middle of math mode needs to have a MathML replacement specified.
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% We try to automate more cases in the future.
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%
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% \appendix
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% \input{luamml-algorithm}
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% \end{documentation}
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%
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% \begin{implementation}
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% \begin{macrocode}
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%<@@=luamml>
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%<*luatex>
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml} {2021-04-23} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{Automatically generate presentational MathML from LuaTeX math expressions}
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%</luatex>
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%<*pdftex>
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-pdf} {2021-05-31} {0.0.1-alpha}
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\ProvidesExplPackage {luamml-pdf} {2024-08-14} {0.1.0}
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{MathML generation for L̶u̶a̶pdfLaTeX}
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%</pdftex>
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% \end{macrocode}
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\documentclass{article}
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\begin{document}
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\title{From math lists to MathML}
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\subtitle{The algorithm in luamml}
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\author{Marcel}
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\maketitle
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\section{General concepts}
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\newcommand\Luamml{\pkg{Luamml}}
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\newcommand\luamml{\pkg{luamml}}
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\newcommand\xmltag[1]{\texttt{<#1>}}
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\section{\Luamml's representation of XML and MathML}
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In the following I assume basic familiarity with both Lua\TeX's representation of math noads and MathML.
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\subsection{Representation of XML elements}
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@ -35,32 +32,32 @@ MathML knows the concept of \enquote{embellished operators}:
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\begin{blockquote}
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The precise definition of an \enquote{embellished operator} is:
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\begin{itemize}
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\item an \tag{mo} element;
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\item or one of the elements \tag{msub}, \tag{msup}, \tag{msubsup}, \tag{munder}, \tag{mover}, \tag{munderover}, \tag{mmultiscripts}, \tag{mfrac}, or \tag{semantics} (§ 5.1 Annotation Framework), whose first argument exists and is an embellished operator;
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\item or one of the elements \tag{mstyle}, \tag{mphantom}, or \tag{mpadded}, such that an mrow containing the same arguments would be an embellished operator;
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\item or an \tag{maction} element whose selected sub-expression exists and is an embellished operator;
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\item or an \tag{mrow} whose arguments consist (in any order) of one embellished operator and zero or more space-like elements.
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\item an \xmltag{mo} element;
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\item or one of the elements \xmltag{msub}, \xmltag{msup}, \xmltag{msubsup}, \xmltag{munder}, \xmltag{mover}, \xmltag{munderover}, \xmltag{mmultiscripts}, \xmltag{mfrac}, or \xmltag{semantics} (§ 5.1 Annotation Framework), whose first argument exists and is an embellished operator;
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\item or one of the elements \xmltag{mstyle}, \xmltag{mphantom}, or \xmltag{mpadded}, such that an mrow containing the same arguments would be an embellished operator;
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\item or an \xmltag{maction} element whose selected sub-expression exists and is an embellished operator;
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\item or an \xmltag{mrow} whose arguments consist (in any order) of one embellished operator and zero or more space-like elements.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{blockquote}
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For every embellished operator, MathML calls the \tag{mo} element defining the embellished operator the \enquote{core} of the embellished operator.
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For every embellished operator, MathML calls the \xmltag{mo} element defining the embellished operator the \enquote{core} of the embellished operator.
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\Luamml\ makes this slightly more general: Every expression is represented by a pair of two elements: The expression and it's core.
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The core is always a \tag{mo}, \tag{mi}, or \tag{mn}, \texttt{nil} or s special marker for space like elements.
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The core is always a \xmltag{mo}, \xmltag{mi}, or \xmltag{mn}, \texttt{nil} or s special marker for space like elements.
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If and only if the element is a embellished operator the core is a \tag{mo} element representing the core of the embellished operator.
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The core is a \tag{mi} or a \tag{mn} element if and only if the element would be an embellished operator with this core if this element where a \tag{mo} element.
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If and only if the element is a embellished operator the core is a \xmltag{mo} element representing the core of the embellished operator.
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The core is a \xmltag{mi} or a \xmltag{mn} element if and only if the element would be an embellished operator with this core if this element where a \xmltag{mo} element.
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The core is the special space like marker for space like elements. Otherwise the core is \texttt{nil}.
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\section{Translation of math noads}
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\subsection{Translation of math noads}
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A math lists can contain the following node types: noad, fence, fraction, radical, accent, style, choice, ins, mark, adjust, boundary, whatsit, penalty, disc, glue, and kern. The \enquote{noads}
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\subsection{Translation of kernel noads}
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\subsubsection{Translation of kernel noads}
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The math noads of this list contain nested kernel noads. So in the first step, we look into how kernel nodes are translated to math nodes.
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\subsubsection{\texttt{math_char} kernel noads}
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\paragraph{\texttt{math_char} kernel noads}
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First the family and character value in the \texttt{math_char} are used to lookup the Unicode character value of this \texttt{math_char}.
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(For \textt{unicode-math}, this is usually just the character value. Legacy maths has to be remapped based on the family.)
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Then there are two cases: The digits \texttt{0} to \texttt{9} are mapped to \tag{mn} elements, everything else becomes a \tag{mi} element with \texttt{mathvariant} set to \texttt{normal}.
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(For \texttt{unicode-math}, this is usually just the character value. Legacy maths has to be remapped based on the family.)
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Then there are two cases: The digits \texttt{0} to \texttt{9} are mapped to \xmltag{mn} elements, everything else becomes a \xmltag{mi} element with \texttt{mathvariant} set to \texttt{normal}.
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(The \texttt{mathvariant} value might get suppressed if the character defaults to mathvariant \texttt{normal}.)
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In either case, the \texttt{tex:family} attribute is set to the family number if it's not \texttt{0}.
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@ -73,13 +70,13 @@ The core is always set to the expression itself. E.g.\ the \texttt{math_char} ke
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}
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\end{verbatim}
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\subsection{\texttt{sub_box} kernel noads}
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\subsubsection{\texttt{sub_box} kernel noads}
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I am open to suggestions how to convert them properly.
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\subsection{\texttt{sub_mlist} kernel noads}
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The inner list is converted as a \tag{mrow} element, with the core being the core of the \tag{mrow} element. See the rules for this later.
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\subsubsection{\texttt{sub_mlist} kernel noads}
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The inner list is converted as a \xmltag{mrow} element, with the core being the core of the \xmltag{mrow} element. See the rules for this later.
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\subsection{\texttt{delim} kernel noads}
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\subsubsection{\texttt{delim} kernel noads}
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If the \texttt{small_char} is zero, these get converted as space like elements of the form
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\begin{verbatim}
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{[0] = 'mspace',
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where 1.196 is replaced by the current value of \verb+\nulldelimiterspace+ converted to \texttt{bp}.
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Otherwise the same rules as for \texttt{math_char} apply,
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except that instead of \texttt{mi} or \tag{mn} elements,
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except that instead of \texttt{mi} or \xmltag{mn} elements,
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\texttt{mo} elements are generated,
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\texttt{mathvariant} is never set,
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\texttt{stretchy} is set to \texttt{true} if the operator is not on the list of default stretchy operators in the MathML specification
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nd \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} attributes are set to zero.
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\subsection{\texttt{acc} kernel noads}
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\subsubsection{\texttt{acc} kernel noads}
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Depending on the surrounding element containing the \texttt{acc} kernel noad, it is either stretchy or not.
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If it's stretchy, the same rules as for \texttt{delim} apply, except that \texttt{lspace} and \texttt{rspace} are not set.
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Otherwise the \textt{stretchy} attribute is set to false if the operator is on the list of default stretchy operators.
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\end{document}
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Otherwise the \texttt{stretchy} attribute is set to false if the operator is on the list of default stretchy operators.
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<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi tex:family="1">𝑎</mi>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
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<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi>𝑎</mi>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
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<mi>𝑏</mi>
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</math>
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<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mrow tex:class="inner">
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<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mrow>
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<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
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<mspace width="-4.981pt" />
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<mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
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@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
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<mspace width="-4.981pt" />
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<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
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</mrow>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
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<mrow tex:class="inner">
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<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true" tex:family="2">{</mo>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
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<mrow>
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<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
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<mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
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<mtable>
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<mtr>
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@ -58,10 +58,10 @@
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</mtd>
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<mtd columnalign="left">
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<mtext>if 
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<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi tex:family="1">𝑎</mi>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
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<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
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<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi>𝑎</mi>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
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<mi>𝑏</mi>
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</math></mtext>
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</mtd>
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</mtr>
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@ -78,76 +78,68 @@
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<mspace width="1.196pt" />
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</mrow>
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</math>
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<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi tex:family="1">𝑥</mi>
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<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
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<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
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<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin" tex:family="2">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin" tex:family="2">±</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
|
||||
<msqrt>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<msup>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</msup>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin" tex:family="2">−</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mn>4</mn>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑐</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑐</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</msqrt>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" tex:class="ord" tex:family="1">.</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<munder>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em" tex:class="opdisplaylimits" tex:family="3">∑</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
</munder>
|
||||
<munder>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑐</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑐</mi>
|
||||
<mo>_</mo>
|
||||
</munder>
|
||||
<mover>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mo stretchy="false">_</mo>
|
||||
</mover>
|
||||
<msup>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑐</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="2">′</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑐</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
|
||||
</msup>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin" tex:family="2">−</mo>
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">+</mo>
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝜋</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝜋</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mn>0</mn>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
|
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -1,27 +1,27 @@
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</mstyle>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="inner">
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
|
||||
<mspace width="-4.981pt" />
|
||||
<mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
|
||||
@ -64,8 +64,8 @@
|
||||
<mspace width="-4.981pt" />
|
||||
<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="inner">
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mo fence="true" lspace="0" rspace="0" symmetric="true">{</mo>
|
||||
<mpadded lspace="+4.981pt" width="+9.963pt">
|
||||
<mtable>
|
||||
@ -75,12 +75,12 @@
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd columnalign="left">
|
||||
<mtext>if 
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
</math></mtext>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
</mtr>
|
||||
<mtr>
|
||||
@ -89,7 +89,7 @@
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd columnalign="left">
|
||||
<mtext>else</mtext>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
</mtr>
|
||||
</mtable>
|
||||
@ -97,21 +97,21 @@
|
||||
<mspace width="1.196pt" />
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mfrac>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">−</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">±</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">±</mo>
|
||||
<msqrt>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<msup>
|
||||
<mi>𝑏</mi>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</msup>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">−</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mn>4</mn>
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑐</mi>
|
||||
@ -123,11 +123,11 @@
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</mfrac>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" tex:class="ord">.</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0">.</mo>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<munder>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em" tex:class="opdisplaylimits">∑</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" movablelimits="true" rspace="0.167em">∑</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑎</mi>
|
||||
</munder>
|
||||
<munder>
|
||||
@ -143,7 +143,7 @@
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">′</mi>
|
||||
</msup>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mtable columnalign="right left right left" columnspacing="0 .8em 0" displaystyle="true">
|
||||
<mlabeledtr>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
@ -155,8 +155,8 @@
|
||||
<mi>𝑐</mi>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑑</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑒</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝑓</mi>
|
||||
@ -165,15 +165,15 @@
|
||||
<msup>
|
||||
<mi>𝑒</mi>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi>𝜋</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
</msup>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" tex:class="ord">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">−</mo>
|
||||
<mn>1</mn>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
</mlabeledtr>
|
||||
@ -184,20 +184,20 @@
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">(</mo>
|
||||
<mn>1</mn>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">+</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mn>3</mn>
|
||||
<mo fence="true" lspace="0" maxsize="17.861pt" minsize="17.861pt" rspace="0" symmetric="true">)</mo>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
</mlabeledtr>
|
||||
<mlabeledtr>
|
||||
@ -208,38 +208,30 @@
|
||||
<mn>5</mn>
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
<mtd>
|
||||
<mi intent="@ignore" />
|
||||
<mi />
|
||||
</mtd>
|
||||
</mlabeledtr>
|
||||
</mtable>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">−</mo>
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="4">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">sin</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">+</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
<mi>𝜋</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mn>0</mn>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
|
@ -1,51 +1,51 @@
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal" tex:family="2">∅</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" tex:class="rel">⊧</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑝</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑟</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑝</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false" tex:class="rel" tex:family="2">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑟</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<math display="block" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">∅</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0">⊧</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑝</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑟</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑝</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑞</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" stretchy="false">⇒</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑟</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
<math xmlns:tex="http://typesetting.eu/2021/LuaMathML" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin" tex:family="2">−</mo>
|
||||
<mrow tex:class="opnolimits">
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">−</mo>
|
||||
<mrow>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi>
|
||||
<mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi>
|
||||
</mrow>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="open">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em" tex:class="bin">+</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">(</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝑥</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.222em" rspace="0.222em">+</mo>
|
||||
<mn>2</mn>
|
||||
<mi tex:family="1">𝜋</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false" tex:class="close">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em" tex:class="rel">=</mo>
|
||||
<mi>𝜋</mi>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0" rspace="0" stretchy="false">)</mo>
|
||||
<mo lspace="0.278em" rspace="0.278em">=</mo>
|
||||
<mn>0</mn>
|
||||
</math>
|
||||
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user